【正文】 結(jié) 語 重點討論了在當今制造環(huán)境下刀具存儲與管理新的模式和方法 , 實際應用效果良好 , 在系統(tǒng)集成和優(yōu)化運行等方面將進一步探討 , 使之具有更高理論和實際水平。這時刀柄上沒有了編碼環(huán)，使刀柄簡化。通常全為 0 的代碼不許使用，以避免與刀座中沒有刀具的狀況混淆。 。隨機選刀的優(yōu)點是刀庫中刀具的排列順序與加工順序無關(guān)，相同的刀具可以重復使用。 隨機選刀 隨機選刀方法是根據(jù)指令要求任意選擇所需要的刀具，這時必須有刀具識別裝置。 順序選刀 順序選刀方法是刀具按 預定工序的先后順序插入刀庫中，使用時按順序轉(zhuǎn)到取刀位置，用過的刀具放回原來的刀座內(nèi)，也可以順序放入下一個刀座內(nèi)。進行比較得出帶刀庫的自動換刀系統(tǒng)是最有發(fā)展前景的。刀庫具有較大容量，既可安裝在主軸箱的側(cè)面或上方。 刀庫機 械手自動換刀系統(tǒng)，整個換刀過程比較復雜。 2. 圖 所示為刀庫與機床為整體式數(shù)控機床的外觀圖。它實際上是轉(zhuǎn)塔頭換刀裝置和刀庫式換刀裝置的結(jié)合。 2. 帶 有旋轉(zhuǎn)刀具的數(shù)控機床常采用此種換刀裝置，轉(zhuǎn)塔頭上裝有幾個主軸，每個主軸上均裝一把刀具，加工過程中轉(zhuǎn)塔頭可自動轉(zhuǎn)位實現(xiàn)換刀。有些加工中心使用了傳遞桿，并將刀具庫側(cè)置。至此，換刀完成，程序繼續(xù)運行。換刀裝置回轉(zhuǎn) 180186。回轉(zhuǎn)式換刀裝置，如圖 所示。 回轉(zhuǎn)刀架在結(jié)構(gòu)上必須具有良好的強度和剛度，以承受粗加工時切削抗力和減少刀架在切削力作用下的變形，提高加工精度。一般用于不需頻繁換刀的大中型機床。 (2)刀庫由液壓馬達驅(qū)動，有快 /慢速之分，用接近開關(guān)計數(shù)并定位。刀庫上還設有機械原點，使每次選刀時就近選取。每把刀具都具有自己的代碼，因而刀具可在不同的工序中多次重復使用，換下的刀具不用放回原刀座，刀庫的容量也可相應減少。但由于刀庫中刀具在不同的工序中不能重復使用，必須增加刀庫的容量，降低了利用率。另外還有一些密集型的鼓輪式、彈匣式和格子式刀庫，這些密集型刀庫雖 .占地面積小，但由于結(jié)構(gòu)限制，基本上不用于單機加工中心，多用于 FMS 的集中供刀系統(tǒng)。 (4)直線式刀庫和組合刀庫 直線式刀庫結(jié)構(gòu)簡單如圖 2. 9，刀具單行排列，刀庫容量小，多用于數(shù)控車床和鉆床上。 刀具呈多環(huán)排列的刀庫的空間利用率高 ,但必然使得取刀機構(gòu)復雜 ,適用于機床空間受限制而刀庫容量又較大的場合 。 結(jié)構(gòu)簡單 、 緊湊 ,應用較多 ,但刀具單環(huán)排列 ,空間利用率低 。 3)位置及定位精度檢測 本系統(tǒng)中自動認址和位置檢測采用了接近開關(guān)作為檢測元器件 , 通過光點隔離繼電器板和記數(shù)板對接近開關(guān)采集的信號進 行記數(shù)和運算處理 , 采用最優(yōu)路徑尋址方式確定貨架的當前位置和貨架的目的位置。 圖 1 刀具庫控制系統(tǒng)圖 1)電氣傳動 水平 旋轉(zhuǎn)刀具儲存系統(tǒng)各機械的動作都屬于反復短時工作制。 . 電氣控制系統(tǒng) 本刀具儲存系統(tǒng)的電氣控制主要是對其貨架進行運行控制和位置控制。其中 13 列為插座式刀架 , 1 列為抽屜式刀架 , 每個刀架背部通過銷軸 與上、下輸送鏈鏈板聯(lián)接 , 底部安裝滾輪 , 鏈條轉(zhuǎn)動帶動刀架沿地軌轉(zhuǎn)動。通過變頻調(diào)速 , 可使傳動軸轉(zhuǎn)速在正常范圍內(nèi)調(diào)節(jié)使刀架回轉(zhuǎn)速度控制到 5～ 30mm in, 2 個傳動軸各帶上、下 2 個鏈輪通過上、下2 條異形滾子鏈帶動貨架轉(zhuǎn)動。支架由立柱、橫梁、上下導向環(huán)軌、支撐地軌組成。可通過車間管理層、網(wǎng)絡系統(tǒng)實現(xiàn)信息管理和共享。結(jié)合生產(chǎn)實際 , 我們在車間刀具準備間建立刀具貯存立體庫系統(tǒng) , 以滿足車間刀輔具儲存與管理的需要。在刀庫定位問題上， PLC 程序控制采用模 塊化設計方法，這對今后生產(chǎn)類似機床將十分有利，很容易將其利用到其他機床上。, ATC pleted. ATC most of their time and processing time coincidence, the only real tool change time turret transposition of the first time, this approach mainly used for ATC and NC NC drilling file bed. 2. system for the automatic tool change Figure shows the knife and the whole machine tool CNC machine tools for the appearance of Fig. Figure shows the knife and splittype machine to the appearance of CNC machine tool plans. At this point, knife storage capacity, a heavier tool can, and often additional transport unit to plete the knife between the spindle and cutting tool transport. Daidao the knife from the ATC, the election knives, automatic loading and unloading machine tool and tool exchange institutions (manipulator), posed of four parts, used widely. Tool Automatic Tool Change the manipulator system, the whole process more plicated ATC. We must first used in the processing of all installed in the standard tool on the knife handle in the machine outside the presize, according to a certain way Add to the knife. ATC, selected first in the knife knife, and then from ATC, from the knife from the knife or spindle, exchange, the new knife into the spindle, the old knife back into the knife. ATC, as the former two knives to acmodate a limited number can not be too many, can not meet the needs of plex parts machining, CNC machine tool Automatic Tool Change Daidao the use of the automatic tool change devices. The knife has more capacity, both installed in the spindle box side or above. As for the automatic tool change Daidao device CNC machine tool spindle box only a spindle, spindle ponents to high stiffness to meet the machining requirements. The number of establishments in larger knife, which can meet the more plex parts of the machining processes, significantly improving productivity. Daidao system for the automatic tool change applied to drilling centres and CNC machining centers. The parison drawn Daidao automatic tool change system is the most promising. control of the knife random mode of election 3. 1Common methods of automatic election knife Automatic control of the knife CNC refers to the system after the implementation of user instructions on the knife library automation process, including the process to find knives and automatic tool change [(63,71]. CNC Machining Center device (CNC) directive issued by the election knife , a knife, the tool required to take the knife position, said the election automatic knife. automatically elected knife There are two ways: random sequence election knives and knife election method. order election knife Tool Selection order is the process tool according to the sequence of the insert knife, the use of knives in order to take place, used knives back at the original knife, can also order Add Block, a knife. In this way, no need Tool identification devices, and drive control is a relatively simple, reliable and can be used directly from the points of the knife machinery to achieve. But the knives in each of the tool in different processes can not be reused, if the tool is installed in accordance with the order of the knife, there will be serious consequences. The need to increase the number of knives and knife the capacity of the tool and reduce the utilization of the knife. election knife Random election under the knife is arbitrary instructions to select the required tools, then there must be tool identification devices. Tool knife in the library do not have the processing in accordance with the order of the workpiece can be arbitrary storage. Each of the tool (or knife blocks) are for a code, automatic tool change, the rotary cutter, every tool have been the tool identification device a