【正文】 因此夾具機(jī)構(gòu)造型過程的目的是產(chǎn)生合適的編程文件。按慣例，這個任務(wù)可用人 — 機(jī)對話即幾乎完全自動化的方 式來完成。為了生產(chǎn)，零件要在夾具中被緊固，需要產(chǎn)生夾緊作用，其有幾個與夾具柔順性無關(guān)的步驟： 根據(jù)被加工的即基礎(chǔ)的部分和工作特點，確定工件在夾具中的所需的位置，接著必須選擇若干穩(wěn)定平面的組合，這些穩(wěn)定平面就構(gòu)成工件被固定在夾具中確定位置上的夾持狀輪廓結(jié)構(gòu)，均衡所有各力和力矩，而且保證接近工件工作特點。事實上夾具的重要的裝置 —— 生產(chǎn)裝置的 專向投資就加強(qiáng)了使夾具更加柔性化在經(jīng)濟(jì)上的支持。 12 現(xiàn)代生產(chǎn)的特征是批量變得越來越小而產(chǎn)品的各種規(guī)格變化最大。當(dāng)零件易損而且小小振動可能導(dǎo)致報廢時，或當(dāng)其位置是由機(jī)床主軸或模具來具體時，再或者當(dāng)公差要求很精密時，那寧可讓夾具去適應(yīng)零件位置，而不是相反。然而對于各種高速鋼刀具，其磨損是屬于非均勻性磨損，已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)：當(dāng)其磨損允許連續(xù)甚至到嚴(yán)重失效開始，最有意義的是該刀具可以獲得重磨使用，當(dāng)然，在實際上，切削時間遠(yuǎn)比使用到失效的時間短。這種局部磨損通常稱作為凹坑性磨損，而且偶爾是非常嚴(yán)重的。因此前刀面的磨損通常在高速切削時發(fā)生的。這結(jié)果離切削刃一定距離處的前刀面上形成麻點凹坑，這些通常被認(rèn)為是前刀面的磨損。關(guān)于副刀刃，那是決定著工件的尺寸和表面光潔度的，后刀面磨損可能造成尺寸不合格的產(chǎn)品而且表面光潔度也差。這項技術(shù)亦用于研究高速鋼單點車刀和麻花鉆的溫度分布。T 法，這方法也就是可提供高速鋼刀具溫度分布的詳細(xì)信息的方法。其他切削參數(shù)的變化，實質(zhì)上對于被切離的單位體積消耗上并沒有什么影響，因此實際上對切削溫度沒有什么作用。當(dāng)考慮到未變形切屑厚度增加和切削速度，這情形就更是復(fù)雜。圖中顯示了一組典型等溫曲線，從中可以看出：像所能預(yù)料的那樣，當(dāng)工件材料在主變形區(qū)被切削時，沿著整個切屑的寬度上有著很大的溫度梯度，而當(dāng)在副變形區(qū)，切屑被切落時 ，切屑附近的前刀面上就有更高的溫度。它等于旋削中的切屑寬度或者等于線性切削中的切屑的厚度。若工件或刀具作旋轉(zhuǎn)運動，進(jìn)給量是以每轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)過的英寸數(shù)目來度量的。 切削速度是切削刃通過工件表面的速率，它是以每分鐘英寸來表示。又如已鍛工件上的小孔加工，也是被鍛后緊接著進(jìn)行機(jī)械加工才完成的。 嚴(yán)密的精度和良好的表面光潔度，機(jī)械加工的第二方面用途是建立在高精度和可能的表面光潔度基礎(chǔ)上。對于鑄造、鍛造和壓力加工，每一個要生產(chǎn)的具體工件形狀，即使是一個零件，幾乎都要花費高額的加工費用。機(jī)械加工過程是一個產(chǎn)生形狀的過程，在這過程中，驅(qū)動裝置使工件上的一些材料以切屑的形式被去除。 machining 2 The Introduction of Machining Have a shape as a processing method, all machining process for the production of the most monly used and most important method. Machining process is a process generated shape, in this process, Drivers device on the workpiece material to be in the form of chip removal. Although in some occasions, the workpiece under no circumstances, the use of mobile equipment to the processing, However, the majority of the machining is not only supporting the workpiece also supporting tools and equipment to plete. Machining know the process has two aspects. Small group of lowcost production. For casting, fing and machining pressure, every production of a specific shape of the workpiece, even a spare parts, almost have to spend the high cost of processing. Welding to rely on the shape of the structure, to a large extent, depend on effective in the form of raw materials. In general, through the use of expensive equipment and without special processing conditions, can be almost any type of raw materials, mechanical processing to convert the raw materials processed into the arbitrary shape of the structure, as long as the external dimensions large enough, it is possible. Because of a production of spare parts, even when the parts and structure of the production batch sizes are suitable for the original casting, Fing or pressure processing to produce, but usually prefer machining. Strict precision and good surface finish, Machining the second purpose is the establishment of the high precision and surface finish possible on the basis of. Many parts, if any other means of production belonging to the largescale production, Well Machining is a lowtolerance and can meet the requirements of small batch production. Besides, many parts on the production and processing of coarse process to improve its general shape of the surface. It is only necessary precision and choose only the surface machining. For instance, thread, in addition to mechanical processing, almost no other processing method for processing. Another example is the blacksmith pieces keyhole processing, as well as training to be conducted immediately after the mechanical pletion of the processing. Primary Cutting Parameters Cutting the work piece and tool based on the basic relationship between the following four elements to fully describe : the tool geometry, cutting speed, feed rate, depth and peration of a cutting tool. Cutting Tools must be of a suitable material to manufacture, it must be strong, tough, hard and wearresistant. Tool geometry to the tip plane and cutter angle characteristics 3 for each cutting process must be correct. Cutting speed is the cutting edge of work piece surface rate, it is inches per minute to show. In order to effectively processing, and cutting speed must adapt to the le