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信息系統(tǒng)外文翻譯--系統(tǒng)的分析與設(shè)計(jì)-其他專業(yè)-wenkub.com

2026-01-05 07:28 本頁(yè)面
   

【正文】 最后,感謝我信息管理與信息系統(tǒng)專業(yè)的同學(xué)們,是你們讓我學(xué)會(huì)了如何適應(yīng)新環(huán)境接受新挑戰(zhàn)。我要誠(chéng)摯地感謝我的母校對(duì)我五年的培育。 此文章出自: 華北電力大學(xué)科技學(xué)院 信管 08K1 學(xué)生 081906040119 16 致 謝 在整個(gè)畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中,我得到了指導(dǎo)老師和實(shí)習(xí)單位的大力支持, 在此,特別感謝各位老師、實(shí)習(xí)單位的各位老師以及我的同學(xué)們。最后還有,條件改變了,必須修改程序,例如,政府通過(guò)了一個(gè)法律,修改了征收所 得稅的方法,則工資程序就必須修改。所有的部分都準(zhǔn)備好了,就調(diào)試系統(tǒng)。注意,程序在系統(tǒng)的意義上被定義和規(guī)劃。一種可能的系統(tǒng)是當(dāng)事務(wù)一發(fā)生就接收并處理該事務(wù);另一種可供選擇的方案是可整天的收集銷售單,商店關(guān)門以后,成批地處理。該種情況要求快速響應(yīng),每個(gè)事務(wù)必須在它發(fā)生時(shí)得到處理。如果可采用批處理的話,那么一個(gè)順序文件結(jié)構(gòu)可能是最好的了。因?yàn)閿?shù)據(jù)鏈接了部件,所以接下來(lái)的工作就是確定數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)。 請(qǐng)看系統(tǒng)流程圖,它指明了若干硬部件,其中包括一臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)、一個(gè)磁盤驅(qū)動(dòng)器、一個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)輸入終端、一臺(tái)打印機(jī)和一個(gè)顯示終端等;還需要兩個(gè)程序,事務(wù)處理程序和報(bào)告與再定貨程序;除了硬件和程序以外,我們還需要貨單文件以及 I/O 設(shè)備與軟件之間數(shù)據(jù)流的數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu) 。讓我們集中在一種選擇上并為它提供一些詳細(xì)的資料。因此可以開始考慮系統(tǒng)如何完成這些事。例如,如果分析員沒(méi)有足夠的信息使數(shù)據(jù)字典的條目完整化,那么分析員就可能丟失一些內(nèi)容。這是該階段的基本要求。 分析階段的目標(biāo)是定義系統(tǒng)的主要功能和有條理地確定數(shù)據(jù)元素。例如,某種已知貨物的現(xiàn)存量就是由某個(gè)處理過(guò)程中的某種算法產(chǎn)生出來(lái)的。從數(shù)據(jù)的目的地 SUPPLIEF 開始。 GENERATEREORDER(產(chǎn)生訂貨單程序)就向 SUPPLIER(供應(yīng)商)發(fā)出需要的數(shù)據(jù),供應(yīng)商就把貨運(yùn)送到商店。 圖 2 展示了貨單管理系統(tǒng)的初步的數(shù)據(jù)流程圖。數(shù)據(jù)一進(jìn)入系統(tǒng),就被若干進(jìn)程加工或改變,用圓角的矩形表示這些過(guò)程。店主希望有選擇地查看供應(yīng)中任意一種短缺商品的清單,如果合理的話,定貨補(bǔ)充庫(kù)存,因此系統(tǒng)必須能和經(jīng)營(yíng)管理部門對(duì)話。在分析階段礙到了這方面知識(shí),并正式地形成文件。該研究是整個(gè)系統(tǒng)分析和設(shè)計(jì)的一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)略的方案,應(yīng)力圖回答以下三個(gè)問(wèn)題: 1.問(wèn)題能解決嗎? 2.在用戶的環(huán)境下問(wèn)題能解決嗎? 3.在一個(gè)合適的花費(fèi)上問(wèn)題能解決嗎? 如果這些問(wèn)題中的任何一個(gè)得到的是否定回答,那么該系統(tǒng)就不應(yīng)開發(fā)。因此,一份能表達(dá)分析員對(duì)問(wèn)題理解程度的清晰的書面報(bào)告是必要的。注意,當(dāng)這個(gè)過(guò)程開始時(shí),用戶擁有很重要的資料,分析員必須認(rèn)真地聽和學(xué)。 麻煩的是,隨著顧客的購(gòu)買庫(kù)存減少了,還有退貨以及追加訂貨等情況,所以貨物的清單經(jīng)常地發(fā)生變化.店主喜歡按貨物清單購(gòu)銷,剛好在商店售完某種10 貨物之前,再訂購(gòu)這種貨。也許通過(guò)一個(gè)例子來(lái)說(shuō)明該過(guò)程是最好的方法。系統(tǒng)分析員是一個(gè)專業(yè)人員,他能把用戶的需求轉(zhuǎn)換成計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù) 術(shù)語(yǔ)。被稱為用戶的那些人常常知道需求什么信息,但是他們可能缺乏得到這些信息的計(jì)算機(jī)的專門知識(shí)。最后,打印出工資單,用來(lái)分發(fā)。僅僅編寫一個(gè)程序是不夠的,因?yàn)槌绦蛑皇窍到y(tǒng)中的一部分。 in the second system, they would be linked to sequential files. A program to process direct access data is different from a program to process sequential data. The data drive the system. The choice of a data structure determines the program’s structure. Note that the program is defined and planned in the context of the system. 2 4 Implementation Once the system39。 a good analyst will develop several feasible alternatives before choosing one. Fig 4 The flowchart maps the system, highlighting its major physical ponents. Since the data link the ponents, the next task is defining the data structures. 7 Consider, for example, the inventory file. It contains all the data elements from the data store STOCK. The data elements are listed in the data dictionary. Using them, the file39。 how might they be implemented? One possibility is writing one program for each process. Another is bining two or more processes in a single program。t have sufficient information to plete a data dictionary entry, he or she has probably missed something. Perhaps most importantly, the data flow diagram and the data dictionary document the analyst39。 thus, product descriptions and reorder quantities must be stored in STOCK. Other data elements, such as the item purchased and the purchase quantity are generated by CUSTOMER. Still others, for example selling price and reorder point, are generated by or needed by MANAGEMENT. The current stockonhand for a given item is an example of a data element generated by an algorithm in one of the procedures. Step by step, methodically, the analyst identifies the data elements to be input to .stored by, manipulated by, generated by, or output by the system. To keep track of the data elements, the analyst might list each one in a data 5 dictionary. A simple data dictionary can be set up on index cards, but puterized data dictionaries have bee increasingly popular. The data dictionary, a collection of data describing and defining the data, is useful throughout the systems analysis and design process, and is often used to build a database during the implementation stage. The idea of analysis is to define the system39。s next task is gaining a sense of their logical relationship. A good way to start is by describing how data flow between the functions. As the name implies, data flow diagrams are particularly useful for graphically describing these data flows. Four symbols are used (Fig. 1). Data sources and destinations are represented by squares。 this knowledge is extracted and formally documented. Most users think in terms of the functions to be performed and the data elements to be manipulated. The obje
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