【正文】 為了更好的可靠性這個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)完全地消除高壓火花塞線圈?；鸹ㄈ€圈在獨(dú)自的線圈的每一側(cè)產(chǎn)生并運(yùn)行適當(dāng)?shù)幕鸹ㄈ? 無分電器點(diǎn)火系統(tǒng) 現(xiàn)代汽車已經(jīng)從一個(gè)機(jī)械系統(tǒng)（分電器）向一個(gè)完整地沒有移動(dòng)部件的固體狀態(tài)的電子點(diǎn)火系統(tǒng)演變。 在一些更后的系統(tǒng)中，分電器里面是空的并且所有的起動(dòng)被一個(gè)或者凸輪軸或者曲軸連接鋸齒狀輪子傳感器控制。大眾叫它高能量點(diǎn)火或簡稱 HEI。自從初級(jí) 繞組不再需要時(shí)，這些系統(tǒng)僅僅有一個(gè)從點(diǎn)火開關(guān)到線圈信號(hào)線。 其他系統(tǒng)使用葉輪電子眼發(fā)送信號(hào)給電子設(shè)備那時(shí)是該觸發(fā)線圈點(diǎn)火的時(shí)候。在這些系統(tǒng)里為了引起線圈點(diǎn)火，有幾種方法用來代替白金觸點(diǎn)和電容器。如果間隙太小，不適應(yīng)火花點(diǎn)燃少量可燃混合氣也會(huì)造成不點(diǎn)火。當(dāng)火花塞如此熱以至于火花塞過早地開始發(fā)光并點(diǎn)燃可燃混合氣時(shí)造成點(diǎn)火提前，在點(diǎn)火之前。點(diǎn)火系統(tǒng)提供足夠的電壓穿過火花塞尖端的間隙，在精確地時(shí)刻發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的每個(gè)火花塞每分鐘按點(diǎn)火順序點(diǎn)火數(shù)千次。我們一旦有這個(gè)信息，我們就開始為火花塞導(dǎo)線規(guī)定路線。所以在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)左側(cè)的汽缸從 1， 3， 5， 7編號(hào)然而右側(cè)從 2， 4， 6， 8 編號(hào)。每個(gè)火花塞在壓縮行程末尾點(diǎn)火。塑料夾子經(jīng)常被使用來分離線圈以便他們?cè)谝黄饹]有接觸。當(dāng)發(fā)生時(shí)它們不能傳送必要的電壓給火花塞，發(fā)生不點(diǎn)火?；鸹ㄈ€圈的任務(wù)是在沒有漏出時(shí)給火花塞巨大的能量。既然白金觸點(diǎn)一開始打開火就產(chǎn)生火花，旋轉(zhuǎn)分電器軀體（被固定的觸點(diǎn)）改變分電器位置和分電器凸輪位置之間的關(guān)系來適應(yīng)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。當(dāng)電流流過線圈時(shí)產(chǎn)生強(qiáng)烈的磁場。次級(jí)線圈位于初級(jí)線圈回路里面。這個(gè)線圈被絕緣以至于電壓不能從回路跳到回 路，只有短路。在一些案例里為了保證發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)高效率的運(yùn)行，在超額 5， 000英里執(zhí)行輔修調(diào)整，調(diào)整白金觸點(diǎn)和重新設(shè)置 4 正時(shí)。在其他汽車上，大多數(shù)顯而易見地大眾汽車上分電器有一個(gè)機(jī) 修工插入工具的窗口，在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)運(yùn)行時(shí)使用測量有規(guī)律停頓的儀器調(diào)整白金觸點(diǎn)。另一種是通過用電力測量有規(guī)律停頓。 為了保證發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)高效率的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)，白金觸點(diǎn)需要定期的調(diào)整。如果允許發(fā)生，白金觸點(diǎn)快速地?zé)g，你將在 汽車的無線電設(shè)備上聽到沉重的靜音噪聲。 分電器 當(dāng)你從分電器的頂部移走分電器蓋時(shí)，你將看見白金觸點(diǎn)和電容器。所以當(dāng)鑰匙轉(zhuǎn)到帶彈簧支承起動(dòng)位置的時(shí)候，飽滿的蓄電池電壓被使用。一個(gè)線路貫穿一個(gè)為了降低電壓 15%的電阻，為了防止白金觸點(diǎn)過早的磨損。 我提供的描述是簡單地看法應(yīng)該有助于設(shè)想進(jìn) 程，但是我們省略一些配置這種類型點(diǎn)火系統(tǒng)的器件。在分電器內(nèi)部分火頭從中央高壓線 接收高壓電，給分火頭的另一端傳送高壓電，分火頭旋轉(zhuǎn)經(jīng)過每個(gè)火花 塞的觸點(diǎn)。 當(dāng)今，為了點(diǎn)火我們需要充足的電 壓，但是我們必須把高電壓送到正確的汽缸。發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)分電器凸輪就轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)曲軸每轉(zhuǎn)兩圈分電器凸輪軸轉(zhuǎn)一圈。當(dāng)白金觸點(diǎn)關(guān)閉時(shí)電流直接 接地。 直接簡單的向點(diǎn)火系統(tǒng)提供 能量 的電路。 讓我們?cè)敿?xì)研究每個(gè)系統(tǒng)，理解它們是如何工作 的。在 70年代初電子點(diǎn)火系統(tǒng)開始在汽車上使用，因能更好的控制變得流行 ， 排放控制的重視來提高可靠性。 2 目前有三種不同類型的點(diǎn)火系統(tǒng)。電流回到蓄電池的負(fù)極 形成完整的電路。另一根導(dǎo)線從前大燈開關(guān)到前大燈的燈泡上的兩端子之一。負(fù)極 與車身或一些金屬部件連接被稱為接地。我知道這是基 本 材料 ，但有一段時(shí)間你不了解，有些人了解基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)以便他們能夠意識(shí)到采取什么措施。 初級(jí)線圈 的低 電壓由電池電壓（ 12伏至 伏）控制 ， 負(fù)責(zé)在精確地時(shí)刻產(chǎn)生點(diǎn)火信號(hào)，將點(diǎn)火信號(hào)發(fā)送給點(diǎn)火線圈。 點(diǎn)火系統(tǒng)執(zhí)行兩個(gè)任務(wù)。為了接地每個(gè)火花塞的尖端有一個(gè)能穿過電壓的間隙。 condenser systems and the newer electronic systems. If you are not familiar with the way an ignition system works in general, I strongly remend that you first read the previous section The Mechanical Ignition System. In the electronic ignition system, the points and condenser were replaced by electronics. On these systems, there were several methods used to replace the points and condenser in order to trigger the coil to fire. One method used a metal wheel with teeth, usually one for each cylinder. This is called an armature. A magic pickup coil senses when a tooth passes and sends a signal to the control module to fire the coil. Other systems used an electric eye with a shutter wheel to send a signal to the electronics that it was time to trigger the coil to fire. These systems still need to have the initial timing adjusted by rotating the distributor housing. The advantage of this system, aside from the fact that it is maintenance free, is that the control module can handle much higher primary voltage than the mechanical point. Voltage can even be stepped up before sending it to the coil, so the coil can create a much hotter spark, on the order of 50,000 volts that is mon with the mechanical systems. These systems only have a single wire from the ignition switch to the coil since a primary resistor is not longer needed. On some vehicles, this control module was mounted inside the distributor where the points used to be mounted. On other designs, the control module was mounted outside the distributor with external wiring to connect it to the pickup coil. On many General Motors engines, the control module was inside the distributor and the coil was mounted on top of the distributor for a one piece unitized ignition system. GM called it high energy ignition or HEI for short. The higher voltages that these systems provided allow the use of a much wider gap on the spark plugs for a longer, fatter spark. This larger sparks also allowed a leaner mixture for better 6 fuel economy and still insure a smooth running engine. The early electronic systems had limited or no puting power, so timing still a centrifugal and vacuum advance built into the distributor. On some of the later systems, the inside of the distributor is empty and all triggering is performed by a sensor that watches a notched wheel connected to either the crankshaft or the camshaft. These devices are called crankshaft position sensor or camshaft position sensor. In these systems, the job of the distributor is solely to distribute the spark to the correct cylinder through the distributor cap and rotor. The puter handles the timing and any timing advance necessary for the smooth running of the engine. The Distributor Ignition System Newer automobiles have evolved from a mechanical system (distributor) to a pletely solid state electronic system with no moving parts. These systems are pletely controlled by the onboard puter. In place of the distributor, there are multiple coils that each serves one or two spark plugs. A typical 6 cylinder engine has 3 coils that are mounted together in a coil “pack”. A spark plug wire es out of each side of the individual coil and goes to the appropriate spark plug. The coil fires both spark plugs at the same time. One spark plug fires on the pression stroke igniting the fuelair mixture to produce power while the other spark plug fires on the exhaust stroke and does nothing. On some vehicles, there is an individual coil for each cylinder mounted directly on top of the spark plug. This design pletely eliminates the high tension spark plug wires for even better reliability. Most of these systems use spark plugs that are designed to last over 100,000 miles, which cuts down on maintenance costs. 參考文獻(xiàn)： [1] 王欲進(jìn) ,張紅偉 .汽車專業(yè)英語 [M]. 北京 ：北京 大學(xué)出版社 ， 中國林業(yè)出版社 ， ，55— 67 1 點(diǎn)火系統(tǒng) 點(diǎn)火系統(tǒng)的 作 用是產(chǎn)生點(diǎn)燃發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)氣缸里可燃混合物的火花。在精確時(shí)刻和在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)每個(gè)汽缸工作速率達(dá)到每分鐘數(shù)千次下才能產(chǎn)生火花。這就是電火花的發(fā)生。第一 ，它產(chǎn)生足夠高的