【正文】 If it had not been that he was here, I would have punished you. 要不是他在場(chǎng)，我當(dāng)時(shí)就會(huì)處罰你。 If it had not been for his help, I should have failed. 如果沒(méi)有他的幫忙，我應(yīng)該已經(jīng)失敗。 Were it not for his help, I could not finish the ，我就不能完成這件工作。 If it were not for oxygen and nitrogen in the air, no man could live on the earth. 大氣中如果沒(méi)有氧和氮，人就無(wú)法生存於地球了。 were 可以提前，省略 if，如 例句 3。 It seemed as if he would never finish the work. 他似乎永遠(yuǎn)完成不了這個(gè)工作。 It seems as if he knew everything, but in reality, he is as stupid as can be. 他似乎是個(gè)萬(wàn)事通。 It seems/looks as if ... 結(jié)構(gòu)︰ It seems／ looks as if? 說(shuō)明︰此句型意為“似乎?”。 The baby opened the book as if he were able to read. 這個(gè)嬰兒打開(kāi)書(shū)本彷彿他會(huì)念書(shū)。 子句 中，可用現(xiàn)在式，以表示事實(shí)；也可用過(guò)去式或 過(guò)去完成式 ，分別表示與現(xiàn)在或過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的 假設(shè)語(yǔ)氣 。 If only he had been here. 要是他當(dāng)時(shí)在這兒就好了。 I wish I had known you ten years ago. 真希望十年前就已經(jīng)認(rèn)識(shí)你。 I wish he could tell us. 但願(yuàn)他能告訴我們?！?I wish＋ that子句 ”的 句型 也可用“ I would rather＋ that子句 ”取代。 If I had been rich ten years ago, I could buy that house today. 如果十年前我有錢(qián)，今天我就能買(mǎi)下那棟房子了。 If I had Ved, I would ... 結(jié)構(gòu)︰ If? had＋過(guò)去分詞?，主詞＋ would／ should 等＋原形動(dòng)詞＋ now／ today 說(shuō)明︰這是 時(shí)態(tài) 不一致時(shí)的假設(shè) 句型 ，亦稱混合假設(shè)條件句。 I might have been incredulous had I not been accustomed to such responses. 若非我已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了這樣的回答，我可能不敢輕易相信。 If I had seen him, I would have told him the truth. 如果我當(dāng)時(shí)看見(jiàn)他，我會(huì)告訴他實(shí)情。 It is time for somebody to teach you to behave yourself. 該是有人教你應(yīng)對(duì)進(jìn)退之禮儀的時(shí)候了。 It is time he went to bed. 該是他睡覺(jué)的時(shí)間了 。 If I had binoculars, I could see that et clearly. 如果我有望遠(yuǎn)鏡，我就可以清楚地看見(jiàn)那顆彗星。 If I were free now, I might call on him. 如果我有時(shí)間，我可能會(huì)去看他。 If the sun were to disappear, what would the earth be like? 萬(wàn)一太陽(yáng)消失了，地球會(huì) 變成什麼樣子？ Were I to die tomorrow, what would my children do? 萬(wàn)一明天我死了，我的孩子們將怎麼辦呢？ If I + Ved, I would ... 結(jié)構(gòu)︰ If?＋過(guò)去式動(dòng)詞?，主詞＋過(guò)去式助動(dòng)詞（ would／ should 等）＋原形動(dòng)詞 說(shuō)明︰這是與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)句型。 Should that be true, the contract would be canceled. 假如那是真的，合約就該取消。 If he should e, I would tell him the truth. 萬(wàn)一他來(lái)，我會(huì)把真相告訴他。 If I should ..., I will ... 結(jié)構(gòu)︰ If? should?，? would（ will）／ should（ shall）等＋原形動(dòng)詞 說(shuō)明︰這是表示與未來(lái)事實(shí)相反的假設(shè) 句型 ， if 子句 要用 助動(dòng)詞 should，譯成“萬(wàn)一”。 Should you happen to see him, please give him my regards. 如果你萬(wàn)一見(jiàn)到他，請(qǐng)代我向他致意。這種用法比較正式，常用於諸如公函之中，而不用於日常會(huì)話。 If it is fine tomorrow, we must go out. 如果明天天氣好，我門(mén)必須出門(mén)。 If it is fine tomorrow, we may go out. 如果明天天氣好，我門(mén)可能出門(mén)。 If + Present Tense ..., S + Modal Verb ... 結(jié)構(gòu)︰ If + 現(xiàn)在式，主詞＋情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞 說(shuō)明︰本句型實(shí)為 If + Present Tense ..., S + will/shall + V ...句型之變體。 Inflation may be rising, if (it is) so, prices will go up. 通貨膨脹率可能上升。 If I have a headache, I will take an aspirin. 如果我頭痛，我就服一片阿斯匹林。 will 用於所有的人稱，在 I 和 we 之後可用 shall 代替 will。但經(jīng)常用於反語(yǔ)，有時(shí)也變成“即使?也沒(méi)關(guān)係”之意。 We are old friends, not strangers, right? 我們是老朋友了，不是陌生人，是嗎？ He’s a capable businessman, is he? 他是一 位很有能力的業(yè)務(wù)員，可不是嗎？ So you e importing Chinese textiles, do you? 原來(lái)你是來(lái)進(jìn)口中國(guó)紡織品的，是麼？ So you’ve been to Shanghai, have you? 原來(lái)你去過(guò)上海，是吧？ ... what ...? 結(jié)構(gòu)︰?疑問(wèn)詞（在句中任何位置上）? 說(shuō)明︰疑問(wèn)詞不是位於句子開(kāi)頭，而是在句子中任何位置上，這種方法十分簡(jiǎn)單，因此在口語(yǔ)中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)。 Do you know if/where ... 結(jié)構(gòu)︰一般疑問(wèn)句＋疑問(wèn)詞（ what／ where／ when 等）＋子句 說(shuō)明︰此句為雙重 疑問(wèn)句 。 Tell me whether you like this color. 告訴我你喜不喜歡這種顏色。口語(yǔ)中使用 if 較為普遍。 What they talked about is what we want to know. 他們談?wù)撌颤N是我們所想要知道的事。 He inquired how it was done. 他問(wèn)這事做得怎麼樣了。疑問(wèn)詞後面的語(yǔ)句採(cǎi)用正常詞序，不採(cǎi)用特殊 疑問(wèn)句 所用的倒裝詞序。這是選擇 疑問(wèn)句 ，前面都是一般 疑問(wèn)句 ，後面的問(wèn)句如與前面有相同的部分，都可以省略。） Mike doesn’t have a car, does he? 麥克沒(méi)有車(chē)，是嗎？ The secretary didn’t type the letter, did she? 祕(mì)書(shū)沒(méi)有打過(guò)這封信，是嗎？ They won’t go to Europe, will they? 他們不會(huì)去歐洲，是嗎？ You aren’t the teacher, are you? 你不是老師，是嗎？ I don’t think he can answer the question, can he? 我想他無(wú)法回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題，是嗎？ What in the world ...? 結(jié)構(gòu)︰疑問(wèn)詞＋ in the world／ on earth／ ever＋其他 說(shuō)明︰此句型 意為“究竟?？到底?？”。否定結(jié)構(gòu)在第一部分，第二部分就要用肯定結(jié)構(gòu)。直述句的 主詞 是 名詞 時(shí)，附加問(wèn)句的 主詞 要用 代名詞 代替： it 代替 this， that， 不定詞 (當(dāng)主詞 )或 動(dòng)名詞 (當(dāng) 主詞 )等； they 代替 these， those， people 等。 How did you do your work? I did my work happily. 你怎樣做你的工作？ 我很快樂(lè)地做了我的工作。 What will you do on Teacher’s Day? 你在教師節(jié)將做什麼事？ What will they do on Christmas Eve? 他們?cè)诼}誕夜將做什麼事？ What will Helen do on her birthday? 海倫在她生日那天將做什麼事？ What did John do on New Year’s Day? 約翰在元旦做了什麼事？ What did Mary do on Youth Day? 瑪麗在青年節(jié)做了什麼事？ What did the suspect do on July ninth? 嫌疑犯在七月九日做了什麼事情？ How do you + V ...? 結(jié) 構(gòu)︰問(wèn)句： How＋ do＋主詞＋一般動(dòng)詞?？ 答句：主詞＋一般動(dòng)詞?＋情狀副詞。 What year was he born in? 結(jié)構(gòu)︰ What date／ year＋ was／ were＋主詞＋ born＋ on／ in？ 說(shuō)明︰此句型意為“你出生於幾月幾日（那一年）？”。 Do you ever use a puter? No, I never use a puter. 你曾經(jīng)使用電腦嗎？不，我未曾使用過(guò)電腦。還可以寫(xiě)作：“ How much＋ be 動(dòng)詞 ＋某物？ 。） How much fruit do they have? They have a lot of fruit. (They don’t have a lot of fruit.) 他們 有多少水果？ 他們有許多水果。 How much tea does he have? He has a lot of tea. (He doesn’t have any tea.) 他有多少茶？ 他有很多茶。（她沒(méi)有許多朋友。（我沒(méi)有書(shū)。 How many ... do you have? 中國(guó)最大的管理資源中心 第 4 頁(yè) 共 89 頁(yè) 結(jié)構(gòu)︰問(wèn)句： How many＋複數(shù)名詞＋ do／ does＋主詞＋ have？ 答句：主詞＋ have／ has?＋複數(shù)名詞＋??！痹摼湫椭校?many 修飾複數(shù) 名詞 ；又因本句型是 疑問(wèn)句 ，故用 are there，不可用 there are。 What day is today? It’s Wednesday. 今天是星期幾？今天是星期三。 What day is today? 結(jié)構(gòu)︰問(wèn)句： What day is today？ 答句： It’s＋ Sunday／ Monday／?。 說(shuō)明︰此句型意為“某人幾點(diǎn)做某事？” 助動(dòng)詞 do 或 does 的選擇依 主詞 而定，若 主詞 為第三人稱單數(shù)，用 does；其它用 do。（不，她沒(méi)有一隻貓。 說(shuō)明︰肯定句中，如有一般 動(dòng)詞 （ speak， work， teach?），則在句首加 助動(dòng)詞 do 或 does，並將一般 動(dòng)詞 改為原形 動(dòng)詞 （不加 s 或 es），即構(gòu)成 疑問(wèn)句 。