一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),過(guò)去完成的區(qū)分-資料下載頁(yè)
2024-11-16 23:47本頁(yè)面
【正文】 have been to Beijing 。He has gone to 。（2）如單純表示一段時(shí)間，或強(qiáng)調(diào)一段時(shí)間，雖有since一詞，也不必用完成時(shí)。如：It is two years since his father died.=His father has been dead for 。（3）終止性動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定式，已變成一種可以延續(xù)的狀態(tài)，因此可以和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。如：I haven39。t left here since ，我一直沒(méi)有離開(kāi)過(guò)這when, while和as的用法：（1）三者均可表示“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”，如果主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的是短暫的動(dòng)作，而從句表示的是一段時(shí)間，三者可以通用。例如：I met an old friend of mine as / when / while I was walking along the street.（當(dāng)我沿街散步時(shí)，碰見(jiàn)了我的一個(gè)老朋友。）（2）as和when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可以是終止性動(dòng)詞，while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。例如：It was raining hard when we got to the airport.（當(dāng)我們到達(dá)機(jī)場(chǎng)時(shí)，天正下著大雨。）（不能用while 引導(dǎo)）（3）as強(qiáng)調(diào)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生；while強(qiáng)調(diào)主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作持續(xù)于while從句所指的整個(gè)時(shí)間內(nèi)；when可以指主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)或先后發(fā)生。例如：She sang as she went along.（她邊走邊唱。）Please listen to me carefully while I read.（我朗讀的時(shí)候，請(qǐng)仔細(xì)聽(tīng)。）When he reached home, he had a little rest.（回到家以后，他休息了一會(huì)兒。）also，too這兩個(gè)詞都是副詞，又都表示“也是”的意思，但在修辭意味和使用場(chǎng)合上有所不同。它們的區(qū)別如下：（一）一般說(shuō)來(lái)，also用于比較正式（formal）的場(chǎng)合，語(yǔ)氣比too莊重； too是慣熟（familiar）的用語(yǔ)，使用范圍較廣。（二）also在句中的位置要緊靠動(dòng)詞； too在句中的位置比較靈活，有時(shí)插入句中，前后用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)，有時(shí)放在句末。（三）too只能用在肯定句中，不可用于否定句內(nèi)。在否定句中，只能用either；also則可以用在否定句中。下面請(qǐng)看例句：The Hong Kong Chief Executive also heads the university as Chancellor．香港行政長(zhǎng)官也以（大學(xué)）校監(jiān)身份領(lǐng)導(dǎo)大學(xué)。Reading books is learning，but application is also learning and the more important form of learning． 讀書(shū)是學(xué)習(xí)，買踐也是學(xué)習(xí)，而且是更重要的學(xué)習(xí)。We have not heard such a thing．，we also have never seen such a scene．我們沒(méi)有聽(tīng)見(jiàn)過(guò)這種事情，我們也從來(lái)沒(méi)有見(jiàn)過(guò)這種場(chǎng)面。請(qǐng)注意，一般說(shuō)來(lái)，also在句中的位置應(yīng)緊靠動(dòng)詞，但有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)其意，也可以將它放在句首或句末。Here，too，the colon must be followed by a dash．這里也一樣，應(yīng)當(dāng)在冒號(hào)之后加破折號(hào)。Mary，too，can play the piano．瑪麗也會(huì)彈鋼琴。Could you speak Japanese？—Yes，and Spanish too．您會(huì)說(shuō)日語(yǔ)嗎？——會(huì)的，還會(huì)說(shuō)西班牙語(yǔ)哩。Also雖然和too同義，但前者大都用于書(shū)面語(yǔ)，后者大都用于口語(yǔ)。例：The lady washed the children and also gave them dinner．（書(shū)面語(yǔ)）The lady washed the children and gave them dinner too．（口語(yǔ)）as well as也；和…一樣；不但…而且作并列連詞相當(dāng)于not only…but also和no less…than，但not only…but also側(cè)重在后項(xiàng)，no less…than 側(cè)重在前項(xiàng)。例如：We must learn to look at problems allsidedly, seeing the reverse as well as the obverse side or true man should be practical as well as ,看到它的反面正面的或事情。一個(gè)真實(shí)的人應(yīng)該是實(shí)用性以及具有前瞻性。在否定句中，as well as 的位置不同，句意往往有很大差別。比較下面的句子：He, as well as she, will not ，她也將不來(lái)。He will not e as well as ，但他將不來(lái)。（否定前者，肯定后者）Henry, as well as his brother, doesn39。39。t work ，工作不努力。Henry doesn39。39。t work hard as well as him ，但他弟弟努力。as well as 連接的應(yīng)是平等成分，都作主語(yǔ)或都作賓語(yǔ)等。例如：She was there as well as me.（誤）She was there as well as I.（正）else與other的區(qū)別other 是形容詞性，所以other修飾名詞。other people。other主要地是adj, pron剩余的，其余的，多 余的；其他的；不同的Where39。s my other glove?我的那只手套在哪兒？John and the others are 。I haven39。t brought many you get some others?我沒(méi)有多買糕點(diǎn)，你有多余的嗎？Think of others as well as ，也要想到別人。else 只修飾兩類詞修飾 不定代詞 如 someone / someplace/ anything來(lái)指代另外一個(gè)，而不特別指明哪一個(gè)。如： i had nothing else to do修飾 whword。如what /who/where等如 what else do i need to do我需要做什么其他的？else多用于特殊疑問(wèn)詞后。而other主要修飾名詞，放在名詞前面
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