英語(yǔ)說(shuō)明文寫(xiě)作精選五篇-資料下載頁(yè)
2025-11-07 23:14本頁(yè)面
【正文】 e, machines have made our life easier than it used to machines use energy, and energy is needed for heating, lighting, munications, carrying use a great deal of energy to make the things that we use and buy and 。第一句為主題句,概括地說(shuō)出“我們目前的生活很大程度上依賴(lài)能源”。接著用舉例的方法從三方面說(shuō)明能源的作用。下定義就是給說(shuō)明對(duì)象一個(gè)明確概念。這是科學(xué)而嚴(yán)密的說(shuō)明方法。它既能揭示事物的本質(zhì)特征,勾勒其大概,描繪其輪廓,同時(shí)也能確定事物的范圍和界限。下定義是多方面的,可以給人、事物、思想等下定義。例如:An ideal teacher must have the following should know his subject, but he can make mistakes if he is willing to personality is as important as his ideal teacher must be should be a bit of an actor and he shouldn39。t be afraid to show his feelings and express his likes and ideal teacher is one who grows, learns, and improves himself along with his “一個(gè)模范教師”下定義的方法,關(guān)鍵詞“ideal teacher”在文中多次重復(fù),能加深讀者的印象。分類(lèi)法是對(duì)同屬不同類(lèi)或同類(lèi)而不同種的人或事物,根據(jù)不同性質(zhì)進(jìn)行分門(mén)別類(lèi)地說(shuō)明的方法。分類(lèi)是人類(lèi)認(rèn)識(shí)客觀世界的重要手段之一。分類(lèi)必須遵守分類(lèi)規(guī)則,使分類(lèi)對(duì)象具有統(tǒng)一屬性,依據(jù)同一分類(lèi)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),并使分類(lèi)的子項(xiàng)相互排斥,不互相包蘊(yùn)。例如:As far as political views are concerned, people fall into three are the conservative are opposed to sudden or great are the liberal people are in favour of progress and their opinions often seem too are the moderate moderates keep everything within reasonable are more practical in this hard my opinion, most people seem to belong to this :保守派(conservative people)、自由派(liberal people)和溫和派(moderate people),并對(duì)他們各自的特征進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)要的分析。事物變化的原因和結(jié)果是緊密相關(guān)的。如果某個(gè)現(xiàn)象的存在必然引起另一個(gè)現(xiàn)象的發(fā)生,那么,這兩個(gè)現(xiàn)象之間就具有因果關(guān)系。因果關(guān)系包括“由果推因”(由結(jié)果去推測(cè)原因)和“由因推果”(由原因去推測(cè)結(jié)果)兩種情況。因果關(guān)系符合人們的日常思維邏輯,因而在寫(xiě)作中得到廣泛應(yīng)用,常用 because, as, since, so, now that, if...then, the reason is that...等表示因果關(guān)系。例如:Of the four seasons, I like spring prefer spring because it is a season of much joy and life bursts out wear a green coaagain and colourful flowers blossom in gardens and old e outdoors for fresh air and the young plan for outdoor bees so energetic and ,末句是總結(jié)句。在主題句后, 作者用了四個(gè)句子闡述自己喜歡春天的理由。有意識(shí)地把兩種相反、相對(duì)的事物或同一事物相反、相對(duì)的兩個(gè)方面放在一起,用比較的方法加以描述或說(shuō)明,指出其相同點(diǎn),這種寫(xiě)法叫作“比較”。指出其不同點(diǎn),叫作“對(duì)照”。比較和對(duì)照各有不同的側(cè)重,但兩種方法經(jīng)常結(jié)合使用。進(jìn)行比較對(duì)照通常有兩種方式。第一種方式采用“先A后B”的結(jié)構(gòu),即A1,A2,A3...。B1,B2,B3...。第二種方式采用“AB交錯(cuò)”結(jié)構(gòu),即A1,B1。A2,B2。A3,B3...。第一種方式采用先A后B的結(jié)構(gòu)實(shí)際上是把一個(gè)段落(或一篇文章)分割為兩部分,先全面講A,再全面講B,這樣做較難收到強(qiáng)烈的對(duì)比效果。多數(shù)人認(rèn)為第二種方式比較好,因?yàn)榘褜?duì)比的雙方AB逐點(diǎn)交錯(cuò),可以避免行文的單調(diào)沉悶,對(duì)比的效果也會(huì)更鮮明突出。例如:It is easy to be a winner can show his joy can laugh and sing and dance and celebrate his love to be with are never winners, losers are the lonely ones of the is difficult to face defeat with can not show their disappointments can not cry or grieve about their may suffer privately, but they must be posed in have nothing to celebrate and no one to share their ,闡述勝利者和失敗者的不同特征。這種寫(xiě)法較易操作,但行文往往比較平淡單調(diào)。再來(lái)看看AB交錯(cuò)的比較方式:I like having a twin she’s happy, I’’’m she feels unhappy, I feel the , I know what shes going to , I know what shes like what she hate what she like the same music, the same food and the same ,闡述孿生姐妹的相同特征。這種寫(xiě)法較流暢自然,給讀者的印象也更鮮明突出。過(guò)程分析法就是把事物發(fā)展過(guò)程分為若干步驟,然后逐一加以分析說(shuō)明。這種寫(xiě)法在說(shuō)明文中使用得相當(dāng)廣泛。過(guò)程分析與敘事和因果關(guān)系等寫(xiě)法有密切關(guān)系,但彼此又有明顯區(qū)別:敘事研究的對(duì)象是“What happens”。因果關(guān)系研究的對(duì)象是“Why it happens”,而過(guò)程分析研究的對(duì)象是“How it happens”。例如:There are several steps to plant a , dig a hole large enough for the tree, but the hole should not be too , put the tree in the hole so that it is , put the earth back into the hole it down hard with your foot several , water the tree well, as often as 。全段層次分明,連接詞語(yǔ)(first, second, third, finally)的使用加強(qiáng)了語(yǔ)句的連貫性。還必須說(shuō)明的是,在實(shí)際寫(xiě)作中,我們很少單獨(dú)采用上述幾種方法中的某一種。不少段落(或文章)的寫(xiě)作都是綜合使用各種不同的寫(xiě)作方法。同時(shí)還應(yīng)明確,在寫(xiě)作中有意識(shí)地側(cè)重使用某一種方法是有好處的。此外,上述這些說(shuō)明文的寫(xiě)作方法在議論文中也常被采用。如何使用這些方法,寫(xiě)出一篇好的文章來(lái),還需在平時(shí)認(rèn)真積累,勤加練習(xí)。
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