【正文】 后。定語從句由關(guān)系詞(關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞)引導(dǎo)，關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞位于定語從句句首。關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在句中充當主語、賓語、定語等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語 從句中作主語時，從句謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。1)who, whom, that 這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在從句中所起作用如下: Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是想見你的人嗎?(who/that在從句中作主語)He is the man whom/ that I saw 。(whom/that在從句中作賓語)2)Whose 用來指人或物，(只用作定語, 若指物，它還可以同of which互換), 例如: They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken ，大家都跑過去幫忙。Please pass me the book whose(of which)cover is 。3)which, that 它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語、賓語等，例如: A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the 有的繁榮。(which / that在句中作主語)The package which / that you are carrying is about to e 。(which / that 在句中作賓語)關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時間、地點或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語。1)when, where,why 關(guān)系副詞when, where, why的含義相當于“介詞+ which”結(jié)構(gòu)，因此常常和“介詞+ which”結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用，例 如: There are occasions when(on which)one must 。Beijing is the place where(in which)I was 。Is this the reason why(for which)he refused our offer? 這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎? 2)that代替關(guān)系副詞that可以用于表示時間、地點、方式、理由的名詞后取代when, where, why和“介詞+ which”引導(dǎo)的定語從 句，在非正式文體中that常被省略(正式文體中不可省略)，例如: His father died the year(that / when / in which)he was 。He is unlikely to find the place(that / where / in which)he lived forty years 年前居住過的地方。判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞方法一: 用關(guān)系代詞，還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語動詞。及物動詞后面無賓語，就必須要求用關(guān)系代詞。例如:(錯)This is the mountain village where I visited last year.(錯)I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.(對)This is the mountain village(which)I visited last year.(對)I39。ll never forget the days(which)I spent in the where, when聯(lián)系在一起。此兩題錯在關(guān)系詞的誤用上。方法二: 準確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分(主、謂、賓、定、狀)，也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/、定、賓語時，應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系代詞。先行詞在從句中作狀語時，應(yīng)選 擇關(guān)系副詞。例如:(對)Is this the museum which you visited a few days ago?(對)Is this the museum where the exhibition was held? 從句結(jié)構(gòu)定語從句公式：定語從句=先行詞+關(guān)系詞+從句 先行詞：指被定語從句修飾的名詞、代詞或句子。一般先行詞出現(xiàn)在定語從句的前面。關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞常有3個作用: ①連接作用，連接主句和定語從句。②指代先行詞。③在定語從句中擔當成分。注:關(guān)系代詞有主語、賓語、定語之分。一般who做主語或其賓格形式的whom做賓語(whom作賓語時可省略)，whose作為定語(whose不可省略)。關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語，賓語，定語等，關(guān)系副詞在從句中作地點狀語(where)，時間狀語(when)，原因狀語(why)。關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在從句中充當主語、賓語、定語等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，從句謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。who, which, that 限定性定語從句中的關(guān)系代詞 作主語、作賓語、作定語指人：who/that、whom/that(可省略)、whose 指物：which/that、which/that(可省略)、whose 指人和物 ：that 非限定性定語從句中的關(guān)系代詞：作主語、作賓語、作定語 指人：who、whom、whose/of whom 指物：which、which、whose/of which 特殊情況: 只能用that的情況：先行詞為everything，all，little，much等不定代詞時。先行詞被all，every，no，any，some，little，much，one修飾時。先行詞被the only，the very，the same，the last修飾時。先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時。先行詞是be的表語或there be 的主語時。先行詞有人又有物時。當主句是以who或which開頭的特殊疑問句時。不能用that的情況 介詞前置時。非限定性定語從句中 先行詞本身是that多用who，不用that的情況 先行詞為anyone，one，ones時。先行詞為those，he和people時。這些詞代替指人，whom在定語從句中指人，“who”和“that”既可作主語又可作賓語(作賓語可以省略,who作賓語變?yōu)閣hom)，that可以指人也可以指物, who不可指物。在從句中所起作用如下:(1)Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他是那個想見你的男人嗎?(who/that在從句中作主語)(2)He is the man(whom/that)I saw 。(whom/that在從句中作賓語)(3)The man whom you spoke to just now is our English 。(whom在從句中作賓語)注:who在定語從句中指人，作主語和賓語，作賓語時可省略。做及物動詞或介詞的賓語，可省略。2,which，that 用來指物(有六種情況只可用that而不用which)(用作主語、賓語，作賓語時可以省略)，例如:(1)The prosperity which/that had never appeared before took on in the 。(which/that在從句中作主語)(2)The package(which/that)you are carrying is about to e 。(which/that在從句中作賓語)注:which在定語從句中指物，可作主語或及物動詞或介詞的賓語，作賓語時可省略。that在定語從句中既可指人又可指物，在定語從句中作主語、賓語和表語，作賓語時可省略，指人時，相當于who或whom，指物時，相當于which，作介詞賓語時，介詞不可提到that前，當介詞提前時，需要用which或whom來代替。whose(只用作定語)“whose”表示誰(可以為人也可以為物)的(東西)例:A child whose parents are dead is called an 。(“whose parents”表示那個孩子的雙親)He lives in a room whose window faces 。(“whose”表示那個房子的窗戶)關(guān)系代詞:在句中作主語、賓語或定語。，“which”代表事物。它們在從句中作主語或賓語，作賓語可省略“that”在從句中作賓語時?？墒÷躁P(guān)系詞，“which”在從句省略。[eg:This is the book(which)you want.] “不及物動詞+介詞”的介詞的賓語，注意介詞不要丟掉，而且介詞總是放在關(guān)系代詞which的前面，但有的則放在它前面的位置。c)被形容詞最高級修飾時。既有人又有物時。e)整個句中前面已有“which”，“why”時關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞在句中作狀語 關(guān)系副詞=介詞+關(guān)系代詞 why=for which where=in/ at/ on which(介詞同先行詞搭配)when=during/ on/ in/……1.“where”是關(guān)系副詞，當然也不用“that”引導(dǎo)。By the time when you arrived in London, we had stayed there for two ，我們在那里已經(jīng)待了兩個星期。I still remember the place where I met her for the first 。Each time when he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towels, soap, toothbrush ，如毛巾，肥皂，牙刷等其他東西。, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing時，常用“there is”開頭。There is somebody here who wants to talk to 。分作進一步說明，通常是引導(dǎo)詞和先行詞之間用逗號隔開，將從句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立。why 關(guān)系副詞why主要用于修飾表原因的名詞(主要是the reason)，同時它在定語從句中用作原因狀語。如: We don39。t know the reason why he didn39。t show 。She didn39。t tell me the reason why she refused the 。與關(guān)系副詞when和where不同，why可以換成that或省略。如: That39。s one of the reasons(why, that)I asked you to 。另外，與關(guān)系副詞when和where可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句不一樣，why只能引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。如: 他失去工作的主要原因是他喝酒。誤:The main reason, why he lost his job, was that he :The main reason why he lost his job was that he drank.(同位語從句)when 關(guān)系副詞when主要用于修飾表時間的名詞，同時它在定語從句中用作時間狀語。如: There es a time when you have to make a 。Gone are the days when they could do what they 。We39。ll put off the piic until next week, when the weather may be ，那時天氣可能會好一點。注意不要一見到先行詞為時間名詞，就以為一定要用關(guān)系副詞when來引導(dǎo)定語從句，同時還要看它在定語從句中充當什么成分如果在定語從句中用作時間狀語，就用when。如果在定語從句中不是用作時間狀語，而是用作主語或賓語，那就不能用when，而要用that, which等。如: Don39。t forget the time(that, which)I39。ve told 。關(guān)系代詞that / which在定語從句中用作動詞told的賓語，正因為是用作賓語，所以也可以省略。where 關(guān)系副詞where主要用于修飾表地點的名詞，同時它在定語從句中用作地點狀語。如: This is the village where he was 。That39。s the hotel where we were staying last 。Barbary was working in Aubury, where she went daily in a ，每天得坐公共汽車去上班。與前面when的情況一樣，注意不要一見到先行詞為地點名詞，就以為一定要用關(guān)系副詞where來引導(dǎo)定語從句，同時還要看它在定語從句中充當什么成分如果在定語從句中用作地點狀語，就用where。如果在定語從句中不是用作地點狀語，而是用作主語或賓語，那就不能用where，而要用that, which等。如: He works in a factory that [which] makes TV 。限定性 限定性定語從句 意義: 限定性定語從句對被修飾的先行詞有限定制約作用，使該詞的含義更具體，更明確。限制性定語從句不能被省略，否則句意就不完整，例如I met some one who said he knows ，that有時相當于in which,at which,for which或on which(1)Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which)attitudes towards night dreaming have ，這與人們對夜間做夢的看法的變化有非常相似之處。(2)I like the music for the very reaso