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20xx年醫(yī)學(xué)專題—肺炎20xx綜述-資料下載頁(yè)

2024-11-14 18:27本頁(yè)面
  

【正文】 ge and general health cyanosis other relevant feature, e.g. supplemental oxygen, central line, intravenous cannulae,Examination of the respiratory system,第六十頁(yè),共六十七頁(yè)。,Hands –check for finger clubbing, examine pulse Check tongue for central cyanosis Any audible respiratory noises, e.g. stridor, wheeze Time respiratory rate (normal range varies with age) newborn: 3060 infancy: 2040 late childhood: 1525 Trachea position presence of tracheal tug Inspect chest for visible deformities, e.g. pectus excavatum, Harrison’ sulcus scars, e.g. thoratomy or sternotomy hyperinflation, intercostal/subcostal recession, chest wall movement Apex beat –determine position,第六十一頁(yè),共六十七頁(yè)。,Expansion Percussion define areas that are ‘dull’ or ‘stony dull’ outline upper boder of liver (usually 6th intercostal space anteriorly) Auscultation breath sounds:vesicular (normal) or bronchial (consolidation) sdded sounds wheezes crackles: fine (e.g. fibrosing alveolitis) or coarse (e.g. bronchiectasis, infection) vocal resonance,第六十二頁(yè),共六十七頁(yè)。,Sit forward and examin the back of the chest in a similar sequence Additional assessments as relevant may include, for example, peak flow and BP (for pulsus paradoxus),第六十三頁(yè),共六十七頁(yè)。,病例 女,1歲,發(fā)熱伴咳嗽5天,咳嗽陣發(fā)性。起病初期有流涕,在門診診斷 為上感,予紅霉素治療3天,近2天咳嗽加重,有痰,不易咳出,煩躁,胃納差,二便尚可(sh224。nɡ kě)。 體檢:T 39?5?C P 180次/分 R 60次/分 精神差,較煩躁,可見(jiàn)唇周發(fā)紺,鼻扇,輕度三凹征,咽充血,扁桃體I?, 雙肺呼吸音粗,右肺可聞中細(xì)濕羅音,心音稍鈍,律齊,腹軟,稍脹,肝肋 下4cm,質(zhì)中等,下肢無(wú)水腫。 血常規(guī):WBC 10.00X10/L N60% L40% CXR:雙肺紋理粗,右中下肺野見(jiàn)斑片狀影 請(qǐng)根據(jù)以上資料回答 1)診斷及依據(jù) 2)下一步應(yīng)做什么檢查 3)鑒別診斷 4)大致的治療方法,第六十四頁(yè),共六十七頁(yè)。,思考題:,1.小兒呼吸系統(tǒng)的生理特點(diǎn)及不同(b249。 t243。nɡ)年齡 小兒的正常呼吸頻率. 2.小兒肺炎目前有幾種常用的分類方法. 3 .試述小兒肺炎的病理生理與臨床表現(xiàn)的關(guān)系. 4. 小兒肺炎常見(jiàn)有哪些并發(fā)癥? 5.支氣管肺炎應(yīng)與哪幾種疾病相鑒別?,第六十五頁(yè),共六十七頁(yè)。,謝謝(xi232。 xie),第六十六頁(yè),共六十七頁(yè)。,內(nèi)容(n232。ir243。ng)總結(jié),下呼吸道感染。肺泡管及肺泡(alveolus)。①K外流→細(xì)胞外K↑。4) 尿滲透壓高于血滲透壓。冷凝聚試驗(yàn)陽(yáng)性, 肺炎支原體抗體陽(yáng)性.。非哮喘性嗜酸粒細(xì)胞性支氣管炎(zhī q236。 ɡuǎn y225。n)(NAEB)。謝謝,第六十七頁(yè),共六十七頁(yè)。
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