【導(dǎo)讀】第一章鍋爐房系統(tǒng)簡介·····································1. 鍋爐的基本結(jié)構(gòu)·······································1. 第二章鍋爐房系統(tǒng)在工程中的應(yīng)用分析···········2. 當(dāng)前供熱鍋爐能源浪費的原因···························8. 第四章鍋爐房系統(tǒng)節(jié)能前景···················10. 中國工業(yè)鍋爐行業(yè)概況·································錯誤!未來工業(yè)鍋爐的需求態(tài)勢·······························10

　　

【正文】 of boiler furnace to reform. After improvement furnace arch, in actual shipped in from the observed, the transformation effect is good, people away from coal furnace fuel after disc MRP on fire, fire bed bustion intense, flame full of degree good, strong rotation. Due to the lower arch before, after extended arch, the arch of the throat and mouth shape between into space from the original 2 cm or so down to 1 cm. To strengthen the disturbance of the air mixed, to form the airflow, strengthen the furnace bustion, improve the efficiency of the district and the whole arch before furnace temperature, make its reach to 1400℃ above, improved the ignition of fuel conditions. Coal in the ignition, of furnace temperature rise, make the carbon content and ash significantly less. The flue gas mixture and strengthen the hydrocyclone separation of flue gas carbon particles needed to fall in the fire bed and new fuel layer further burns out. 2. The reasonable air supply and regulation In the chain furnace, the furnace, the furnace of reciprocating vibration, according to the different characteristics of the bustion process, reasonable air supply, to 12 畢業(yè)論文 promote the furnace bustion is very important. As in the chain furnace, along with fuel keep movement, which in turn happen on fire, burning, and burn the stage. Burning along the length direction is the stoker stages, zoning, so along the length direction along the air quantity is also different. The preheating zone along the head and tail burn stage, air requirements small。 The burning along the middle stage, air requirements. According to this characteristic, must use block supply air, to meet the needs of the burning. The current domestic production of the boiler although all are to consider this one characteristic, with the wind in subsection room, and equipped with air inlet adjustment. But according to the survey. 3. The secondary air Second wind to strengthen the air bustion is very effective. Second wind have the following function: (1) strengthen the furnace of air disturbance and mixed, make the furnace of oxygen and flammable gas mixture evenly, make chemical don39。t fully burning loss and the chamber excess air coefficient reducing. (2) secondary air in furnace flue gas vortex formed, on the one hand, extended the suspension fine coal grain in the chamber of a stroke, increase the fine particles suspended furnace in the residence time of, make it have a full time to burn, make not plete bustion heat loss。 Another result of air separation of spiral effect, make coal dust grain and the grain reblows rejection within, and reduce the small fly ash escape from the quantity, the mechanical inplete bustion heat loss. 畢業(yè)論文 英譯漢 鍋爐的節(jié)能 工業(yè)鍋爐的節(jié)能技術(shù)涉及多方面 , 最主要是提高工業(yè)鍋爐的熱能利用率 , 即提高工業(yè)鍋爐的熱效率。本節(jié)從燃燒、運行維護、新技術(shù)及新設(shè)備的應(yīng)用、工業(yè)鍋爐輔機的節(jié)能、鍋 爐水處理等方面 ,對工業(yè)鍋爐房的節(jié)能途徑進行探討。 1. 爐拱工業(yè)鍋爐的爐拱是十分重要的。爐拱的作用在于促使?fàn)t膛中氣體的混合以 及組織輻射和熾熱煙氣的流動 ,使燃料及時著火燃燒。 而目前工業(yè)鍋爐的實際用汽量與其額定負荷往往不匹配 ,使用的煤種變化較大 ,而且與設(shè)計煤種往往有較大的差異 ,因此在實際使用中 ,往往要對爐拱進行必要的改造以適應(yīng)煤種的需要。 為改造前爐拱情況 ,存在的主要問題是 :因使用 的燃煤比設(shè)計煤種差而雜 , 鍋爐出現(xiàn)爐膛出口煙氣溫度低 ( 約 700 ℃ ), 比設(shè)計低 200 ℃。新煤著火遲 , 時常出現(xiàn)火床斷火 ,著火距煤閘板約 ~ m, 爐膛燃燒不強烈 , 灰渣含碳量高。針對爐拱結(jié)構(gòu)存在的問題 ,從改善 燃料的著火條件 ,提高爐膛溫度著手對鍋爐進行改造。 經(jīng)過改造后的爐拱 ,在實際運衍中觀測發(fā)現(xiàn) ,改造效果良好 ,燃料人爐后距煤閘板 著火 ,火床燃燒強烈 ,火焰充滿度好 ,旋轉(zhuǎn)強烈。由于前拱降低 , 后拱加長 , 拱間形 成的喉口間距由原來的 2 cm 左右縮小到 1cm 。加強了該處 的氣流擾動混合 , 重新組織了氣流 ,強化了爐內(nèi)燃燒 ,有效的提高了前拱區(qū)和整個爐膛的溫度 ,使其達到 1400℃以上 ,改善了燃料的著火條件。煤著火點的提前 , 爐膛溫度的提高 ,使灰渣含碳量明顯減少。煙氣的旋流混合又加 強了煙氣中焦 炭粒子的分離 , 使之落在火床上和新燃料層進一步燃盡。強烈的煙氣旋流還使煙氣中的 CO 、 H2 、 CH4 等可燃氣體充分燃 燒 , 從而提高了鍋爐的熱效率 4% 以上。同時也提高了鍋爐出力 ,滿足了生產(chǎn)用汽的需要 ,減輕了環(huán)境污染 ,擴大了燃煤品種的適應(yīng)范圍。 2. 合理的送風(fēng)與調(diào)節(jié) 在鏈條爐、振動爐、往復(fù)爐中 ,根據(jù)燃燒過程的不同特點 ,合理的送風(fēng) ,對于促進爐內(nèi)燃燒是很重要的。如在鏈條爐中 , 燃料隨爐排不停地運動 ,依次發(fā)生著火、燃燒、燃盡各階段。燃燒是沿爐排長度方向分階段、分區(qū)進行的 , 所以沿爐排長度方向所需的空氣量也就不同。在爐排頭部的預(yù)熱 區(qū)和尾部燃盡階段 ,空氣需要量?。辉跔t排中部的燃燒階段 ,空氣需要量大。根據(jù)這一特點 ,必須采用分段送風(fēng) , 以滿足 燃燒的需要。目前國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)的鍋爐雖然都考慮到這一特性 ,采用了分段風(fēng)室 , 并裝有調(diào)節(jié)風(fēng)門。但據(jù)調(diào)查 , 不少單位在實 際運行中沒有按照燃燒特性進行風(fēng)量調(diào)節(jié) ,從而使燃燒所需 要的空氣量與實際供風(fēng)量沒有很好地配合 , 使不完全燃燒損 失增大。因此 ,在鍋爐燃燒調(diào)整中 ,要根據(jù)燃燒需要對供給空氣量及時進行調(diào)節(jié) ,以降低熱損失 ,提高熱效率。 3. 采用二次風(fēng) 14 畢業(yè)論文 二 次風(fēng)對強化氣流燃燒是很有效的。二次風(fēng)有以下作用 : (1) 加強爐內(nèi)氣流的擾動和混合 ,使?fàn)t內(nèi)的氧氣和可燃氣體均勻地混合 ,使化學(xué)不完全燃燒損失和爐膛過量空氣系數(shù)降低。 15 畢業(yè)論文 (2) 二次風(fēng)在爐內(nèi)形成煙氣旋渦 ,一方面延長了懸浮細煤粒在爐膛中的行程 , 增加了懸浮細粒子在爐內(nèi)的停留時間 , 使其有較充分的時間燃燒 ,使不完全燃燒熱損失降低；另一 方面由于氣流旋渦的分離作用 ,使煤粒和灰粒甩回爐內(nèi) ,減小了飛灰逸出量 ,使機械不完全燃燒熱損失降低。 16