【正文】 iple fractures, severe bony deformities, and considerably shortened stature. Three months after treatment, the three children showed changes indicating new dense bone formation. The report by researchers at St. Jude Children’s Hospital in Memphis indicates the promising possibility for treatment of this as well as similar stem cell disorders.,61,第六十一頁，共七十四頁。,Neural Stem Cells Able to Repair Damage Throughout Brain Sciences USA 96, 70297034, June 8, 1999 In studies with mice, neural stem cells have been shown to globally replace damaged brain tissue. The study, performed by researchers at Harvard Medical School, involved transplanting neural stem cells from born mice into the brains of “shiverer” mice, a model for Parkinson’s and similar central nervous system diseases. The neural stem cells were able to migrate throughout the brain to repair damaged tissue. Treated mice showed a decrease in tremors.,62,第六十二頁，共七十四頁。,Corneal Stem Cells Help Restore Sight New England Journal of Medicine 340, 16971703, June 3, 1999 Corneal stem cells have been used by doctors in Japan to restore useful vision to patients who were legally blind. Transplants of adult corneal stem cells were used for conditions in which normal cornea transplants were unsuitable. One year after treatment, over half of patients had marked improvements in vision.,63,第六十三頁，共七十四頁。,64,第六十四頁，共七十四頁。,六、干細胞與組織(zǔzhī)工程,組織工程是指應(yīng)用工程學(xué)和生命科學(xué)的原理(yu225。nlǐ)和方法來研究正?；虿±頎顩r下哺乳動物組織的結(jié)構(gòu)、功能和生長的機制，研究開發(fā)能夠修復(fù)、維持或改善損傷組織的人工生物替代物的一門學(xué)科。,65,第六十五頁，共七十四頁。,組織工程化皮膚 組織工程化骨骼(gǔg233。) 組織工程化血管 組織工程化管狀器官 組織工程化腺體器官,66,第六十六頁，共七十四頁。,67,第六十七頁，共七十四頁。,68,第六十八頁，共七十四頁。,69,第六十九頁，共七十四頁。,70,第七十頁，共七十四頁。,七、干細胞應(yīng)用的法律(fǎlǜ)、 倫理道德問題,71,第七十一頁，共七十四頁。,[WASHINGTON] The US National Institutes of Health (NIH) could provide funding for research on human embryonic stem cells as early as the spring if new guidelines, published by the NIH last week after widespread public consultation, are formally approved. Nature 402, 566 (1999) [TOKYO] Japan39。s cloning ban will still allow stem cell experiments Nature 404, 321 (2000) [LONDON] European panel rejects creation of human embryos for research Nature 408, 277 (2000),72,第七十二頁，共七十四頁。,Stem cell research quidline DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Public Health Service National Institutes of Health National Institutes of Health Guidelines for Research Using Human Pluripotent Stem Cells SUMMARY: The National Institutes of Health (NIH) is hereby publishing final National Institutes of Health Guidelines for Research Using Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. The Guidelines establish procedures to help ensure that NIHfunded research in this area is conducted in an ethical and legal manner.,73,第七十三頁，共七十四頁。,內(nèi)容(n232。ir243。ng)總結(jié),第七章。干細胞分裂產(chǎn)生的子細胞只能有兩種命運(m236。ngy249。n)——保持為。1998年美國有兩個小組分別培養(yǎng)出了人多能( pluripotent )干細胞：。正常ES細胞染色體正常，如發(fā)生異常則其很難發(fā)育分化形成動物個體。⑤再以杜氏PBS洗3次后用甘油PBS封片。此桑胚胚或囊胚成為分離ES細胞的常用材料。73,第七十四頁，共七十四頁