【正文】 時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。1）who, whom, that 這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在從句中作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。例如：Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想見(jiàn)的人嗎？（who/that在從句中作主語(yǔ)）He is the man whom/ that I saw 。（whom/that在從句中作賓語(yǔ)）2）whose 用來(lái)指人或物，（只用作定語(yǔ), 若指物，它還可以同of which互換）。例如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken ，大家都跑過(guò)去幫忙。Please pass me the book whose（of which）cover is 。3）which, that所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等。例如：A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the 。（which / that在句中作賓語(yǔ)）The package（which / that）you are carrying is about to e 。（which / that在句中作賓語(yǔ)）【關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句】關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。1）關(guān)系副詞when, where, why的含義相當(dāng)于“介詞+ which”結(jié)構(gòu)，因此常常和“介詞+ which”結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用。例如：There are occasions when（on which）one must 。Beijing is the place where（in which）I was 。Is this the reason why（for which）he refused our offer? 這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎？2）that代替關(guān)系副詞，可以用于表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、理由的名詞后取代when, where, why和“介+which”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，在口語(yǔ)中that常被省略。例如：His father died the year（that / when / in which）he was 。He is unlikely to find the place（that / where / in which）he lived forty years ?！九袛嚓P(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞 】方法一： 用關(guān)系代詞，還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。及物動(dòng)詞后面無(wú)賓語(yǔ)，就必須要求博學(xué)精教 成就學(xué)生金牌教研中心2012秋季高三英語(yǔ)用關(guān)系代詞；而不及物動(dòng)詞則要求用關(guān)系副詞。例如：This is the mountain village where I stayed last 。I39。ll never forget the days when I worked together with 。判斷改錯(cuò)：（錯(cuò)）This is the mountain village where I visited last year.（錯(cuò)）I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.（對(duì)）This is the mountain village（which）I visited last year.（對(duì)）I39。ll never forget the days（which）I spent in the where, when聯(lián)系在一起。此兩題錯(cuò)在關(guān)系詞的誤用上。方法二： 準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的成分（主、謂、賓、定、狀），也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞。 this museum ___ you visited a few days age? which one this the museum ____ the exhibition was which one例1變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?This museum is ___ you visited a few days ： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was ，所缺部分為賓語(yǔ)，而where, that, on which都不能起到賓語(yǔ)的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表語(yǔ)，又可做從句的賓語(yǔ)，可以省略關(guān)系代詞，所以應(yīng)選D。而句2中, 主、謂、賓俱全，從句部分為句子的狀語(yǔ)表地點(diǎn)，既可用副詞where，又因 in the museum詞組，可用介詞in + which 引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。而此題中，介詞on 用的不對(duì)，所以選A。關(guān)系詞的選擇依據(jù)在從句中所做的成分，先行詞在從句中做主、定、賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，選擇關(guān)系代詞（who, whom, that, which, whose）；先行詞在從句中做狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系副詞（where 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，when 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，why 原因狀語(yǔ)）。【限制性和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句 】1）定語(yǔ)從句有限制性和非限制性兩種。限制性定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明確；非限制性定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞的附加說(shuō)明，去掉了也不會(huì)影響主句的意思，它與主句之間通常用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)。例如：This is the house which we bought last 。（限制性）The house, which we bought last month, is very ，是我們上個(gè)月買的。（非限制性）2）當(dāng)先行詞是專有名詞或物主代詞和指示代詞所修飾時(shí)，其后的定語(yǔ)從句通常是非限制性的。例如：Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last ，他曾經(jīng)是我的老師。My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely 。This novel, which I have read three times, is very ，我已經(jīng)讀了三遍。3）非限制性定語(yǔ)從句還能將整個(gè)主句作為先行詞, 對(duì)其進(jìn)行修飾, 這時(shí)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)。例如：He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets ，這使我心煩。Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called ，這就叫做蒸發(fā)。博學(xué)精教 成就學(xué)生金牌教研中心2012秋季高三英語(yǔ)說(shuō)明：關(guān)系代詞that和關(guān)系副詞why不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句?！窘樵~+關(guān)系詞 】1）介詞后面的關(guān)系詞不能省略。2）that前不能有介詞。3）某些在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)或原因狀語(yǔ)的“介詞+關(guān)系詞”結(jié)構(gòu)可以同關(guān)系副詞when 和where 互換。例如This is the house in which I lived two years 。This is the house where I lived two years you remember the day on which you joined our club? 還記得你加入我們俱樂(lè)部的那一天嗎？Do you remember the day when you joined our club? 【as, which 非限定性定語(yǔ)從句 】由as, which 引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，as和which可代整個(gè)主句，相當(dāng)于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。例如：As we know, smoking is harmful to one39。s ，吸煙有害健康。The sun heats the earth, which is very important to ，這對(duì)我們?nèi)祟惡苤匾?。典型例題1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a ，不能用 that修飾，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成為句子，兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子不能單以逗號(hào)連接。況且選he句意不通。2）The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could 答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，it不為連詞，使由逗號(hào)連接的兩個(gè)句子并在一起在英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法上行不通。3）It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park.. 和which在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，這兩個(gè)關(guān)系代詞都指主句所表達(dá)的整個(gè)意思，且在定語(yǔ)從句中都可以作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。但不同之處主要有兩點(diǎn)：（1）as 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句可置于句首，而which不可。（2）as 代表前面的整個(gè)主句并在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句中的謂語(yǔ)必須是系動(dòng)詞；若為行為動(dòng)詞，則從句中的關(guān)系代詞只能用which.。在本題中，prevent由于是行為動(dòng)詞，所以正確選項(xiàng)應(yīng)為B。as 的用法 same…as；such…as 中的as 是一種固定結(jié)構(gòu), 和……一樣……。例如：I have got into the same trouble as he（has）.我碰到了跟他一樣的麻煩。，常帶有39。正如39。例如：As we know, smoking is harmful to one39。s ，吸煙有害健康。As is known, smoking is harmful to one39。s 。例1中的as作know的賓語(yǔ)；例2中，它充當(dāng)從句的主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞know要用被動(dòng)式?！?關(guān)系代詞that 的用法 】 1）不用that的情況a）引導(dǎo)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)。例如：（錯(cuò)）The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous 成就學(xué)生金牌教研中心2012秋季高三英語(yǔ)b）介詞后不能用。例如：We depend on the land from which we get our 。We depend on the land that/which we get our food ）只能用that作為定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞的情況a）在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。b）在不定代詞，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行詞時(shí)，只用that，）先行詞有the only, the very修飾時(shí)，只用that。d）先行詞為序數(shù)詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí)，只用that。.e）先行詞既有人，又有物時(shí)。例如：All that is needed is a supply of 。Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the 。【跟蹤訓(xùn)練】 place _______interested me most was the Children39。s which you know the man _______? I spoke who spoke spoke to I spoke is the hotel _______last they stayed that they stayed they stayed at they stayed you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded? which is the day ______I39。ll never which which factory ______we39。ll visit next week is not far from which which changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are is one of the best films have been shown this year have shown has been shown this year you talked you lend me the book ______the other day? which you talked you talked that you talked you talked pen ______he is writing is which which which which arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a small engineer ______my father works is about 50 years whom whom which whom there anyone in your class ______family is in the country? 博學(xué)精教 成就學(xué)生金牌教研中心2012秋季高三英語(yǔ)39。s 39。m interested in ______you have that what want to use the same dictionary ______was used isn39。t such a man ______he used to is good at English, ___