【導(dǎo)讀】梯級電站的第三級。壩址位于烏江的支流甘龍河下游，距金家壩鎮(zhèn)，距酉陽縣城47km，樞。工程任務(wù)以發(fā)電為主，兼有旅游、水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖等綜合效益。泄水建筑物、引水隧洞、發(fā)電廠房及開關(guān)站等組成。機(jī)應(yīng)用等基本技能等方面受到良好的訓(xùn)練。水利調(diào)節(jié)計(jì)算，確定防洪庫容、上游設(shè)計(jì)和校核洪水位及相應(yīng)的下泄流量。的初步技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)比較，選定壩型及其它建筑物型式；③確定水利樞紐的布置方案。擬定地基處理方案與壩身構(gòu)造；③進(jìn)行水力和靜力計(jì)算；④進(jìn)行細(xì)部結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)。曲線圖表按國家規(guī)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或工程要求繪制。鄉(xiāng)至小河鄉(xiāng)，長7144m，

　　

【正文】 e and oute of the project. Social factors related to development should be taken into serious account if want to realize the established objectives of the project. For instance, economic, social and cultural characters of local area where project is constructed, including the possible negative impacts (such as resettlement)。 production activity of the social group。 acceptability in culture and adaptability in special group when designing。 social stratagem in project implementation and project operation, including the participation of the affected group。 etc. The emphasis of development stratagem in China has experienced the change from economy growth to harmonious social development. And social development has obtained the granted considerations. Social assessment has carried out the viewpoint of based on human in social development. To study the relation between project and human is in favor of coordinating the relationship among stakeholders and promoting the sustainability and adaptability of the project. To carry out social assessment in water conservancy and hydropower projects helps to realize the harmony and coherence between national economic development objective and social development objective, avoid pursuing financial benefit merely。 helps to realize the harmony and coherence between the project and local economy, decrease social contradictions, conflicts and disadvantageous social impacts caused by involuntary resettlement, promote social stabilization。 helps to avoid or decrease social risks in implementing and operating project, improve the investment benefit. 4 PRINCIPLES OF SOCIAL ASSESSMENT Social assessment should stick to the principle of based on human, putting human function and human development into primacy. The detail principles are as follows: Principle of multiobjectives prehensive assessment. Social effect assessment should keep to the principle of multiobjectives prehensive assessment. Each objective and its evaluation index have different position and different importance, so to evaluate the importance (weight) of each objective is necessary, and administrative levels analysis and the method of grading by experts can be adopted. That is the satisfactory degree of detail index may be quantitated or convert from qualitative description to quantity, then translate multiobjectives into single objective through certain mathematics methods, and obtain the evaluation result according to the value of single objective at last. Principle of systematism. Systems analysis should be adopted in water conservancy and hydropower project. Not only the social effects brought by prospective project oute, but also the social cost should be taken into consideration. Combining the source input and benefit output, it is to analyze systematically whether the social benefit can make for the social cost and how much benefit can be obtain finally. Principle of bining qualitative analysis with quantitative analysis. Social effects of water conservancy and hydropower projects can be embodied from many aspects and their stand or fall can be evaluated by different criterions and indexes. Some indexes are difficult to quantitate exactly。 while other indexes can be quantitated but cannot convert into a uniform unit. This makes the criterions separately and the inner relations are difficult to find out. So it cannot solve the problem effectively by using qualitative analysis merely or using quantitative analysis merely, only the bination of the two analyses can scientific and practical it is. Generally speaking, adopting quantitative analysis as much as possible is better。 as to those indexes which cannot be quantitated, it had better be converted qualitative to quantitative by certain methods such as fuzzy mathematics, multiobjectives decisionmaking and other suitable methods. Principle of equity and justice. This demands that the positive and negative impacts caused by project be taken into account sufficiently during planning, designing and implementing the project. All kinds of relations among stakeholders involved in project should be treated with equity and justice, so as to not prick up inequality, or even cut down the inequality as much as possible. Doing this is to ensure the interests of majority people with no loss of other people39。s interests. Principle of public support and participation. This demands extensive public participation during planning, designing and implementing the project, so as to get extensive public support. Participation is not only an objective of social development, but also a means to promote social development and success of project. For example, Baise Water Conservancy Project involves broadly with large workload, the construction of the project must obtain the support and cooperation not only from local governments and local public, but also from related governments and public in higher and lower, left and right reaches of the river. To gain the supports from governments of each level, social munities and the public, extensive participation must be anized to let stakeholders know the circumstance, declare themselves sufficiently and participate in decisionmaking. Principle of improving livelihood. The prime objective of social development is to meet people39。s increasing demand of physical life and mental life to the utmost extent. For example, the prime objective of Baise Project is to safeguard the security of people39。s lives and properties, to promote economy growth and social development, to reduce poverty and to improve people39。s physical life and mental life. So, during the period of planning, designing and implementing of the project, special attention should be paid not only on how the project may help poverty reduction and life improvement in beneficial areas, but also on how to make P