【導(dǎo)讀】英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句指詞語(yǔ)多結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜形體較長(zhǎng)的簡(jiǎn)單句或分句多層次結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系復(fù)雜。長(zhǎng)句中主要成分往往帶有很多修飾語(yǔ)錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜細(xì)膩入微這就需要翻譯者具備一。定的語(yǔ)言功力和翻譯技巧此外英漢兩種語(yǔ)言存在著較大的區(qū)別英語(yǔ)是拼音文字。而漢語(yǔ)屬于象形文字這就要求翻譯者在英譯漢過(guò)程中應(yīng)做出必要的調(diào)整以符合。漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣如調(diào)整語(yǔ)序轉(zhuǎn)變句子結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換詞性詞義等因此本文將從長(zhǎng)句的定。義主要特點(diǎn)分析方法和翻譯技巧等方面對(duì)英語(yǔ)長(zhǎng)句的漢譯問(wèn)題做一個(gè)全面的總。結(jié)和論述力圖克服學(xué)生或翻譯實(shí)踐者對(duì)英譯漢中長(zhǎng)句翻譯的畏難心理并解決他。們?cè)诜g實(shí)踐中遇到的具體問(wèn)題

　　

【正文】 ater intellectual development Analysis Firstly the subject of this sentence is behavioristsand the predicate is suggestthe object is a subordinate clause Therefore the whole sentence isa structure like Behavioristsuggeststhatclause Secondly there are five predicate structures altogether in this sentence and their predicate verbs are suggest is raised are develop experience and so on The relationship among them is the structure behavioristssuggestthatclause is the main clause who is raised in an environment is an attributive clause the antecedent is childwherethereare manystimuli is an attributive clause the antecedent is environmentwhich develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses is an attributive clause its antecedent is stimuli in the object clause of suggest thatthe subject is childthe predicate is experience the object is development After the analysis we have made above we now have a more intensive understanding on this sentence then according to the methods of EnglishChinese translation mentioned above we can translate this sentence into Chinese as 行為主義者認(rèn)為如果兒童的成長(zhǎng)環(huán)境里有許多刺激因素這些因素又有利于其適當(dāng)反應(yīng)能力的發(fā)展那么兒童的智力就會(huì)發(fā)展到較高的水平 Forafamilyoffourforexampleitismoreconvenient as well as cheaper to sit fortably at homewithalmostunlimitedentertainmentavailablethanto go out in search of amusement elsewhere Analysis Firstly the main structure is itismoretodosomethingthan to do something else which is a parative structure moreover it is a pare between two infinitive structures Secondlythere are three predicate structures altogether in this sentence the relationship among them is itismoreconvenientaswellascheaper to is the main bodybut it is the modal subject and the real subject is the second predicate structure that is tositfortablyathome which is pared with the third predicate structure togooutinsearchofamusementelsewhere Thirdly the head of the sentence forafamilyoffour is the adverbial modifier which shows the condition Moreover there are two prepositional phrases to be served as parenthesis Having pleted the analysis of this sentence to synthesize all the translation methods mentioned above and then according to the norms of Chinese expression this sentence can be translated as 譬如對(duì)于一個(gè)四口之家來(lái)說(shuō)舒舒服服地在家中看電視就能看到幾乎數(shù)不清的娛樂(lè)節(jié)目這比到外面別的地方去消遣又便宜又方便 42 Skills and methods of EnglishChinese translation English is used to express more plicated concept in a long sentence while Chinese is different from that of English it often uses several short sentences to do a wellarranged narration So while translating from English to Chinese we should pay special attention to the differences between English and Chinese we can depose the long sentences of English and translate them into short sentences of Chinese In the translation of long English sentences we generally take the following methods 1 Order method When the narration arrangements of the content of long English sentence are consistent with Chinese basically we can translate the sentence into Chinese according to the order of English original text Examples 1 Even when we turn off the beside lamp and are fast asleep electricity is working for us driving our refrigerators heating our water or keeping our rooms airconditioned Analysis This sentence is made up of a main clause three present participles served as incidental adverbial modifiers and a time adverbial clause which is in the head of the sentence There are some meanings from five aspects ① Even when we turn off the beside lamp and are fast asleep ② electricity is working for us ③ driving our refrigerators ④ heating our water ⑤ or keeping our rooms airconditioned The logistic relationship among them and the order of expression go all the way with Chinese therefore we can use order method to translate the sentence into Chinese as 即使在我們關(guān)掉了床頭燈深深地進(jìn)入夢(mèng)鄉(xiāng)時(shí)電仍在為我們工作幫我們開(kāi)動(dòng)電冰箱把水加熱或使室內(nèi)空調(diào)機(jī)繼續(xù)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn) 2 But now it is realized that supplies of some of them are limited and it is even possible to give a reasonable estimate of their expectation of life the time it will take to exhaust all known sources and reserves of these materials Analysis The main structure of this sentence is It is realized that it is the modal subject that guides the subject clause and its paratactic structure it is even possible to in which the infinitive phrases serve as the subject the time is the apposition of expectation of life we can further explain its meaning but the sentence behind the word time is its attributive clause And the five predicate structures express the meaning from four aspects ① but now it is realized that ② supplies of some of them are limited ③ it is even possible to give a reasonable estimate of their expectation of life ④ the time it will take to exhaust all known sources and reserves of these materials According to the methods of translation we can make an adjustment to the fourth one then the version can be 可是現(xiàn)在人們意識(shí)到其中有些礦物質(zhì)的蘊(yùn)藏量是有限的人們甚至還可以比較合理的估計(jì)出這些礦物質(zhì)可望存在多少年也就是說(shuō)經(jīng)過(guò)若干年后這些礦物的全部已知礦源和儲(chǔ)量將消耗殆盡 3subject to numerous restrictions imposed by maledominated culture As we talked about above we can translate this sentence into 在 20世紀(jì)以前小說(shuō)中的婦女像都是一個(gè)模式她們沒(méi)有任何特點(diǎn)因而無(wú)法成為具有個(gè)性的人他們還要屈從于由男性主宰的文化傳統(tǒng)強(qiáng)加給他們的種種束縛 Analysis This sentence is made up of a main clause two reason adverbial modifiers and an attributive clause Aluminum remained unknown until the nieenth century is the main clause and it is also the centre point of the whole sentence there are four pieces of predicate structure in all which contains meaning from five aspects ① aluminum remained unknown until the nieenth century ② because nowhere in nature is it found free ③ owing to its always being bined with other elements ④ most monly with oxygen ⑤ it has a strong affinity According to the norms of Chinese expression the reason is always prior to the result thus