【正文】 生了什么事。假如要非凡提及某人，可以在后面加上介詞with，如：What39。s the matter with you?你怎么啦？ What39。s the matter with Claire?克萊爾怎么啦？2．Mum，兒語中小孩子對母親的稱呼。與此相似，dad是對父親的兒語稱呼。3．There39。s = There is。它表示“有”、“存在”，為 there + be結(jié)構(gòu)的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)縮略形式。4．Two ice creams please．請拿兩份冰淇淋。相當(dāng)于 Give us two ice creams，please。請參見 Lessons 3～4課文注釋。ice cream是物質(zhì)名詞。物質(zhì)名詞前加不定冠詞 a或基數(shù)詞表示一種、一份、一客、一類、一陣等。語法 Grammar in use 1．there +be結(jié)構(gòu)（1）在說明或詢問人、物等的存在時(shí)即可使用there +be結(jié)構(gòu)。說There39。s an ice cream man比說An ice cream man is there更合乎習(xí)慣，也更為自然。there +be結(jié)構(gòu)可將重要的新信息置于句末，以示強(qiáng)調(diào)。此結(jié)構(gòu)中的實(shí)際主語是be后面的名詞。因此，假如該名詞是單數(shù)就用is，如是復(fù)數(shù)則為are。2．人稱代詞與be英文中系動詞be（是）必須根據(jù)不同的人稱代詞作相應(yīng)的變化。請參見Lessons15～16語法部分中有關(guān)be的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)形式的內(nèi)容，包括某些縮略形式，如：they are not =they aren39。t =they39。re not，we are not = we aren39。t =we39。re not。詞匯學(xué)習(xí)Word study 1．thirsty adj.（1）渴的，口干的： We39。re tired and 。（2）（土地等）干旱的： a dry and thirsty land 干旱的土地（3）渴望的，渴求的（for，after）：The students there are thirsty for 。2．matter n.（1）事情，事件：It39。s a private 。He39。s not very interested in financial 。（2）麻煩事，困難：What39。s the matter, Anna? 怎么了，安娜？What39。s the matter with Steven? 史蒂文是怎么回事？練習(xí)答案 Key to written exercises Lesson 20 A Those children are Their mother is tired, That ice cream man is very His ice creams are very 39。s the matter, children? We are What39。s the matter, Tim? I am Are the children tired or thirsty? They39。re not 39。re Are the postmen cold or hot? They39。re not 39。re Are the hairdressers thin or fat? They39。re not 39。re Are the shoes small or big? They39。re not 39。re Are the shops shut or open? They39。re not 39。re Are his cases heavy or light? They39。re not 39。re Are grandmother and grandfatheryoungor old? They39。re not 39。re Are their hats old or new? They39。re not 39。re Are the policemen short or tall? They39。re not 39。re Are his trousers short or long? They39。re not 39。re 課文詳解及練習(xí)答案課文詳注 Further notes on the text1．Give me a book please, ，簡。這是一個(gè)祈使句。祈使句表示請求或命令。（請參見Lessons 13～14語法部分的說明。）表示客氣的請求時(shí)，通常加please。2．Which book? 哪一本？是Which book do you want?的省略形式。下文中的This one? 是Do you want this one?的省略形式。No, not that one是No, I do not want that one的省略形式?？谡Z中常用這樣的省略句。3．This one?是這本嗎？相當(dāng)于：Do you want this one? one是不定代詞，代替 a book，以避免重復(fù)。one的復(fù)數(shù)形式是ones。one和ones前面都可用定冠詞，也可有自己的定語。4．?dāng)?shù)字1，010，1，011，1，016的英文寫法 1，010a thousand and ten。1，011a thousand and eleven。1，016a thousand and sixteen 語法 Grammar in use 1．人稱代詞代詞，顧名思義，就是用來代替名詞或名詞短語的詞，在已經(jīng)知道所指的是誰或什么的情況下使用，以免行文重復(fù)。人稱代詞有主格和賓格之分。在陳述句中，主格代詞差不多總是位于動詞之前。賓格代詞可代替處于賓語位置上的名詞，它們可以作直接賓語和間接賓語。Give me/him/her/us/them a （她）們一本書。（賓格代詞）2．which引導(dǎo)的非凡疑問句（請參見Lessons 5～6中語法部分的說明。）用which +名詞可詢問物體（單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)）或物質(zhì)。which總是說明一種限定的、特指的選擇。如：Which book/books do you prefer? 你喜歡哪本／哪些書？Which car do you like best? 你最喜歡哪種汽車？詞匯學(xué)習(xí)Word study 1．large與big（1）large僅指物理量值的大，是small的反義詞。large主要指體積、面積、外形、數(shù)量方面的大，修飾人時(shí)指個(gè)子大。如：China is a large 。Look at that large woman in 、個(gè)子高大的女人。（2）big所表示的大，主要指不僅體積大而且很重。所以a large box未必big。big在修飾人時(shí)，主要指大人物，但個(gè)子未必高大。如：It is a big 。（此句指不僅體積大，而且給人深刻的或堅(jiān)固的印象。）She39。s very big in the 。（此句指不僅成功，且具有很大的影響力。）2．small與little（1）small指物理量值的小或少，是large的反義詞，不帶什么感情色彩。如：It is a small 。I want the small one with the yellow 。（2）little也表示小或少，但有小而可愛的感情色彩，是big的反義詞。如：There is a little garden behind our 。（此句表示花園雖小，但很可愛。）She has the sweetest little 。練習(xí)答案 Key to written exercises Lesson 22 A Is this Nicola39。s coat? No, it39。s coat is Are these your pens? No, they39。re pens are Is this 39。s hat? No, it39。s hat is Are these the children39。s books? No, they39。re books are this Helen39。s dog? No, it39。s dog is brown and 6 Is this your father39。s tie? No, it39。s tie is 1 Give me a cup one? This dirty one? No, not this dirty clean you Give me a glass one? This empty one? No, not this empty full you Give me a bottle one? This large one? No, not this large small you Give me a box one? This big one? No, not this big little you Give me a tin one? This new one? No, not this new old you Give me a knife one? This sharp one? No, not this sharp blunt you Give me a spoon one? This new one? No, not this new old you Give me a fork one? This large one? No, not this large small you 課文詳解及練習(xí)答案課文詳注 Further notes on the text 1．動詞的雙賓語在Give me some glasses中，動詞give后面有兩個(gè)賓語，即直接賓語some glasses和間接賓語me。人稱代詞作賓語時(shí)要用人稱代詞的賓格。請參見Lessons 21～22語法部分。2．The ones on the 。本句是省略句，句首省略了I want。句中的ones代表glasses。on the shelf是介詞短語，作定語，修飾ones。3．These?這幾只？是Do you want these?的省略形式。4．Yes, ，請拿給我。當(dāng)別人問你要不要某物而你同意要時(shí)，就可用這句話。假如你不同意要，則應(yīng)說：No, thank ，謝謝。5．?dāng)?shù)字1，117，1，420，1，925，2，000的英文寫法 1，117one thousand one hundred and seventeen。1，420one thousand four hundred and twenty1，925one thousand nine hundred and twentyfive。2，000two thousand語法 Grammar in use on引導(dǎo)的介詞短語（1）我們經(jīng)常在名詞、名詞短語、代詞或動名詞前面用介詞表示人物、事件等與其他人物、事件等之間的各種關(guān)系，如空間關(guān)系、時(shí)間關(guān)系、因果關(guān)系等。介詞始終帶有賓語。即使介詞與賓語分開時(shí)，這種關(guān)系仍必定存在。有許多固定的介詞短語常可見到。許多介詞短語是由介詞+名詞（+介詞）構(gòu)成的，如：on time（準(zhǔn)時(shí)），in the middle of（在……中間）。（2）當(dāng)我們從不同的角度看空間中的位置時(shí)，應(yīng)根據(jù)我們想要表達(dá)的意思來選擇介詞。想表示在一個(gè)表面（即看來是平面）上面時(shí)，就可用介詞on：the pens on the desk桌上的鋼筆 the boxes on the floor地板上的盒子the bottles on the dressing table梳妝臺上的瓶子 the magazines on the bed床上的雜志詞匯學(xué)習(xí)Word study desk與table在漢語中，這兩個(gè)詞都被稱為“桌子”，而在英語中，它們?nèi)允怯兴鶇^(qū)別的。（1）desk通常指有抽屜的桌子，用于辦公、讀書、寫字等，即“書桌”、“寫字臺”、“辦公桌”：He is working at his 。I put it on his 。（2）table通常指由若干條腿支撐著的平板，沒有抽屜，即“餐桌”、“會議桌”、“工作臺”、“手術(shù)臺”等：I39。ve booked a table for two at ，是在7點(diǎn)鐘。They sat round the table and made this big ，作出了這個(gè)重大的決定。練習(xí)答案 Key to written exercises Lesson 24 A 1 Give Jane this her this one, Give the children these ice them these, Give Tom this him this one, That is my me my passport That is my me my coat Those are our us our umbrellas 1 Give me some pens ones? These? No, not ones on the Give me some ties ones? These? No, not ones on the Give me some spoons ones? These? No, not ones on the Give me some plates ones? These? No, not ones on the Give me some cigarettes ones? These? No, not ones on the Give me some boxes ones? These? No, not ones on the Give me some bottles ones? These? No, not ones on the dressing Give me some books ones? These? No, not ones on the Give me some magazines ones? These?