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2.some clouds,幾朵云。some既可修飾可數(shù)名詞,也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞。如:some tables一些椅子(可數(shù)名詞),some milk一些牛奶(不可數(shù)名詞)。3.There are some clouds in the sky, but the sun is ,但陽光燦爛。這句是并列句,由兩個分句構(gòu)成,連詞but表明分句之間存在著對比及轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。兩分句之間大多要用逗號,有時可不用逗號。4.Mr. Jones is with his 。句中with是介詞,表示“和……一起”。family是指“家里的人”或“家庭成員”。5.They are walking over the 。句中的over有“穿過”的意思。又如:The aeroplane is flying over the river. 飛機正在河上飛過。The birds are flying over the house. 鳥兒在屋上飛過。over還可表不“在……上方”(不接觸表面),如:The sky is over our heads. 天空在我們頭頂上。6.There are some boats on the river. 河上有幾艘船。句中on意為“在……上面”(接觸表面)。又如:There is a book on the table. 桌上有一本書。7.The ship is going under the bridge. 那船正從橋下駛過。句中under意為“在……下面(或下方)”。如:There is a dog under the tree. 樹下有只狗。ship一般指海洋中行駛的大船。boat一詞指河中行駛的小船。另外:aeroplane(英國英語),airplane(美國英語),飛機(正式用語); plane,飛機(非正式用語)。語法 Grammar in use 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(2)(請參見 Lessons 31~32語法部分。)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的形式是由be的現(xiàn)在時形式+現(xiàn)在分詞形式構(gòu)成。當(dāng)句中主語名詞為復(fù)數(shù)或者人稱代詞為第2人稱或第3人稱復(fù)數(shù)時,be的現(xiàn)在時形式應(yīng)為are?,F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的各種形式(包括縮略形式)列表如下:詞匯學(xué)習(xí) Word study 1.jump v. (1)跳躍;躍過:They are jumping a ditch. 他們正躍過一個深溝。They jumped off the wall and ran off. 他們從墻上跳下去跑掉了。(2)略去;跳過:He jumped the first grade in college. 他跳過大學(xué)一年級(指跳級直接升入二年級)。(3)突然上升;猛增:They jumped the registration fees from £20 to £50. 他們把注冊費從20英鎊漲到50英鎊。His pany39。s profits jumped surprisingly last year. 他所在公司去年的利潤令人驚異地飛速增加。2.sleep (1): He sleeps for only 4 hours every night. 他每夜只睡4個小時。I was so excited that I could hardly sleep. 我興奮得無法入睡。(2);睡覺:He had a good sleep last night. 他昨天夜里睡得很酣暢。Lessons35~36 課文詳注 Further notes on the text 1.This is a photograph of our 。句中of是介詞,表示“……的”。又如:the windows of a room 房間的窗戶2.It is between two hills. 我們的村莊坐落在一個山谷之中。句中It指village。between是介詞,表示“在……(兩者)之間”。又如:The man is standing between two policemen. 這個男人正站在兩名警察之間。3.a(chǎn)long the banks of the river, 沿著河岸。along為介詞,表示“沿著”。4.He is swimming across the 。across為介詞,表示“通過”某個平面。5.beside a park,位于公園旁邊。beside為介詞,表示“在……旁邊”。語法 Grammar in use 短語動詞短語動詞通常是指后面常跟一個介詞或副詞短語的動詞,即動詞+介詞或副詞小品詞。英語(特別是在非正式的、慣用的英語)中存在著一種用動詞短語代替與其同義的單個動詞的強烈趨勢。如聽到敲門聲,我們會說Come in而不會用Enter來表達(dá)。最常見的短語動詞是由英語中最短小和最簡單的動詞構(gòu)成的,這些動詞常與表示位置或方向的詞組合,如along, down, in, off, on, out, over, under等。例如:The cats are running along the wall. 貓正沿著墻跑。The children are jumping off the branch. 孩子們正從樹枝上跳下來。不僅一個單個動詞可以同大量的介詞或副詞小品詞一起構(gòu)成短語動詞,而且一個短語動詞本身也可能有幾種不同的意義。詞匯學(xué)習(xí) Word study 1.go into (1)走進(jìn);進(jìn)入:He is going into a shop. 他正走進(jìn)一家商店。(2)進(jìn)入;介入:They39。re going into the business world. 他們正步入商界。2.sit on (1)坐在……上:The children are sitting on the grass. 孩子們正坐在草地上。(2)口拖延;壓下:They are trying to sit on the bad news as long as possible. 他們正試圖盡可能拖延時間不把這個壞消息講出去。3.run along (1)沿著……跑:The dogs are running along the river banks. 狗正沿著河岸奔跑。(2)離開;走開:It39。s getting dark, we must run along. 天黑了,我們得走了。Lessons37~38 課文詳注 Further notes on the text 1.What are you going to do now, George?你現(xiàn)在準(zhǔn)備干什么,喬治?be going to,是打算、準(zhǔn)備、按計劃在最近做某事,表示將來。請參見本課語法部分。2.Pink39。s=Pink is。3.It39。s for my daughter, 。Susan作my daughter的同位語。 語法 Grammar in use 將來時 be going to (1)將來時be going to的形式由am/is/are going to +動詞原形構(gòu)成。(2)將來時be going to的用法A表示“打算”、“準(zhǔn)備”在最近做某事。(在非正式語體中,一般多用be going to,而不用will。)I am going to put it on the floor. 我打算把它放在地板上。He is going to paint the bookcase tomorrow. 他準(zhǔn)備明天給書架刷漆。B表示按計劃、安排要發(fā)生的事:The meeting is going to begin at nine. 會議將在9點開始。Where are you going to build the road? 你們將在什么地方筑路?C表示預(yù)言一件事即將發(fā)生:The meeting is going to begin at nine. 會議將在9點開始。It39。s going to rain! 天要下雨了!She39。s going to faint! 她要暈倒了?。?)be going to的疑問式與否定式將助動詞be提至句首可將陳述句變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧洹H纾篏eorge is going to paint it pink. Is George going to paint it pink? 喬治打算把它刷成粉紅色嗎?在助動詞后面加上not可以得到否定句。如上句可變?yōu)椋篏eorge is not going to point it pink. 喬治不打算把它刷成粉紅色。詞匯學(xué)習(xí) Word study 1.paint (1),涂: What colour is George going to paint it? 喬治準(zhǔn)備把它漆成什么顏色的?(2)v.(用顏料)畫:Who painted this picture? 這幅畫是誰畫的?(3);描繪:His novel paints a peaceful picture of the country life in Europe. 他的小說描繪了有關(guān)歐洲鄉(xiāng)村生活的寧靜畫面。(4);涂料;顏料:Wet Paint! 油漆未干!I bought a box of paints. 我買了一盒顏料。2.work (1);勞動:He works 45 hours per week. 他每周工作45個小時。(2):He works as a bank clerk. 他是一名銀行職員。(3);做作業(yè):If you work hard, you39。ll pass your exams. 如果你用功的話,你就會考試通過。(4)n. 工作;勞動;作業(yè);職業(yè):He wants to have a good sleep after a day39。s work. 在一天的工作之后,他想好好睡上一覺。The students finished all their work in class. 學(xué)生們當(dāng)堂把全部作業(yè)都完成了。He is without work. 他失業(yè)了。Lessons39~40 課文詳注 Further notes on the text 1. Don39。t do 。在英文中需用祈使語氣來表示直接的命令、建議等多種意圖。而祈使句的否定式則由Don39。t(或Do not)+動詞原形構(gòu)成,又如課文中的Don39。t drop it!(別摔了?。┑染渥印#ㄕ垍⒁姳菊n語法部分。)2.Give it to 。在第21課有g(shù)ive me a book這樣的句型,在本課中又出現(xiàn)了give it to me的句型。在動詞give后面可以有兩個賓語:即直接賓語(指物,如a book, it)和間接賓語(指人,如me)。如果直接賓語置于動詞give之后,間接賓語之前則帶to。再比較一下下列句式:3.in front of,在……前面。有別于in the front of,在……的前部。4.There we are!就放在那里! 在這里表示說話人的滿意心情,可理解為“好了”、“行了”等。語法 Grammar in use 祈使句的否定縮略式形式為Don39。t(或Do not)+動詞原形,如:Don39。t wait! 別等了!Don39。t speak to me like that! 別那樣跟我講話!使用祈使句時,重音、語調(diào)、手勢和面部表情,尤其是情境和上下文,都說明這種形式用于表示是否友好、不客氣、憤怒、不耐煩、有說服性等。一般而言,祈使句的否定式通常用Don39。t來表示,完整形式Do not主要用于正式文告中。 語法 Grammar in use 祈使句的否定縮略式形式為Don39。t(或Do not)+動詞原形,如:Don39。t wait! 別等了!Don39。t speak to me like that! 別那樣跟我講話!使用祈使句時,重音、語調(diào)、手勢和面部表情,尤其是情境和上下文,都說明這種形式用于表示是否友好、不客氣、憤怒、不耐煩、有說服性等。一般而言,祈使句的否定式通常用Don39。t來表示,完整形式Do not主要用于正式文告中。 詞匯學(xué)習(xí) Word study 1.drop v. (1)(失手)落下;掉下;放下:Be careful! Don39。t drop it. 小心!別摔了。She dropped her knife and fork and hurried to answer the phone. 她放下刀叉趕緊去接電話。(2)(使)滴下;滴水:Tears dropped from her face. 淚珠從她的臉上滑落。(3)(使)下降;降低:He dropped his voice. 他把聲音放低了些。Yesterday the temperature dropped to 8℃ below zero. 昨天氣溫下降到了攝氏零下8度。2.send v. (1)送給;寄:She is going to send a letter to her sister. 她準(zhǔn)備給她的姐姐寄封信。I39。ll send him a present. 我將給他送去一件禮物。(2)差遣;命(或請)……去:He sent his secretary for a doctor. 他派他的秘書去請醫(yī)生了。Her mother often sends her to the store for some groceries. 她母親經(jīng)常差遣她去商店買些雜貨。Lessons41~42 課文詳注 Further notes on the text 1.Not 。 是It is not very heavy的省略形式。口語中回答問題時