【正文】 eacher said that the moon goes around the earth ,which,what,when,where,how,why等表疑問(wèn)時(shí),不能按正常語(yǔ)序安排,經(jīng)常將這類(lèi)引導(dǎo)詞置于句首Who do you think the public might choose as their favorite singer this year? 、表語(yǔ)從句在句中作表語(yǔ)的從句叫表語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣，表語(yǔ)從句位于連系動(dòng)詞后，有時(shí)用as if引導(dǎo)。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語(yǔ) + 系動(dòng)詞 + that從句。例如：The fact is that we have lost the 。That’s just what I 。This is where our problem 。That is why he didn’t e to the 。It looks as if it is going to 。需要注意的，當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是reason時(shí)，表語(yǔ)從句要用that引導(dǎo)而不是because。例如： The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning.【注意】whether 可引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，但與之同義的if卻通常不用于引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。簡(jiǎn)介定義：A 表語(yǔ)從句就是用一個(gè)句子作為表語(yǔ)。說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)是什么或者怎么[1]樣，由名詞、形容詞或相當(dāng)于名詞或形容詞的詞或短語(yǔ)充當(dāng)，和連系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。The problem is 主語(yǔ) 連系動(dòng)詞 形容詞作表語(yǔ)The problem is when we can get a pay 連系動(dòng)詞 一個(gè)句子作表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)從句B 連接表語(yǔ)從句的連接詞有：that, what, who, when, where, which, why, whether, has bee a 。He has bee what he wanted to be ten years 。She has remained there for an 。She has remained where I stood yesterday for an 。His suggestion is 。His suggestion is that we should stay ，我們應(yīng)該保持冷靜。The question is question is when he can arrive at the ，他什么時(shí)候可以到達(dá)酒店。who will travel with me to Beijing 。why he cried 。how I can persuade her to join us in the 。whether the enemy is marching towards ：A 表語(yǔ)從句一定要用陳述語(yǔ)序。False: The question is when can he arrive at the : The question is when he can arrive at the 不可以用if，而用whether 連接表語(yǔ)從句(as if 例外）。引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)可以互換if/whether 位于介詞后要用whether 位于句首時(shí)要用whether引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，主語(yǔ)從句，同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)要用whether False: The question is if the enemy is marching towards : The question is whether the enemy is marching towards : It looked as if he had understood this 不像賓語(yǔ)從句，在有表語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句中，主句時(shí)態(tài)和從句時(shí)態(tài)可以不一致。Right: The question is who will travel with me to Beijing : The question is why he cried that在表語(yǔ)從句中不可以省掉。基本用法表語(yǔ)從句只能置于主句之后，而主句的動(dòng)詞只能是聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞。名詞性從句在be等系動(dòng)詞后作表語(yǔ)時(shí)被稱為表語(yǔ)從句，例如： The problem is how we can get the things we 。(how 在表語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)方式狀語(yǔ))// The scissors are not what I 。(what 在表語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ))// What I told him was that I would find him a good 。(what在主語(yǔ)從句中作直接賓語(yǔ)，that作為表語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞在該表語(yǔ)從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分，不能省略)// That is what I want to tell 。(what在表語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)直接賓語(yǔ))// That is why she failed to pass the 。(why 在表語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)原因狀語(yǔ))注意： “That is why...”是常用句型，意為“這就是……的原因/因此……”，其中why引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句在句中作表語(yǔ)，該句型通常用于針對(duì)前面已經(jīng)說(shuō)明過(guò)的原因進(jìn)行總結(jié)，又如： That is why you see this old woman before you know, ，這就是現(xiàn)在這個(gè)老太婆出現(xiàn)在你面前的原因。(前文提到Jeanne對(duì)老婦人顯得蒼老憔悴深感詫異，說(shuō)話人對(duì)她講述了其中的原因之后，用這一句來(lái)進(jìn)行概括)。// That is why I 。下面是兩個(gè)與“That is why...”形式相似的結(jié)構(gòu)，它們與“That is why...”結(jié)構(gòu)之間的關(guān)系要能夠辨析清楚：(1)“That is why...”與“That is the reason why...”同義，只不過(guò)從語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)上講，“That is the reason why...”中why引導(dǎo)的是—個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，將其中的the reason去掉則與“That is why...”結(jié)構(gòu)一樣，例如： That is(the reason)why I cannot 。(2)“That is because...”句型中從屬連詞because引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句在此作表語(yǔ)，這也是個(gè)常用句型，意為“這就是為什么……/因?yàn)椤??！癟hat is because...”與“That is why...”之間的不同在于“That is because...”指原因或理由，“That is why...”則指由于各種原因所造成的后果，例如： He did not see the film last is because he had to help his little sister with her ，那是因?yàn)樗脦椭拿妹米鲎鳂I(yè)。(第一句話說(shuō)明結(jié)果，第二句話說(shuō)明原因)He had seen the film is why he did not see it last ，因此他昨天晚上沒(méi)有去看。(第一句話說(shuō)明原因，第二句話說(shuō)明結(jié)果)五、同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明其前面的名詞的具體內(nèi)容。同位語(yǔ)從句通常由that引導(dǎo)，可用于同位語(yǔ)從句的名詞有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如： The news that we won the game is 。I have no idea when he will e back 。The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen 。同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別：that作為關(guān)系代詞，可以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，充當(dāng)句子成分，在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略； that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，起連詞的作用，沒(méi)有實(shí)際意義，不充當(dāng)句子成分，一般不能省略。試比較下面兩個(gè)例句:I had no idea that you were here．（that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，不能省略）Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？（that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，作賓語(yǔ)，可以省略）簡(jiǎn)介同位語(yǔ)部分是個(gè)句子,就是同位語(yǔ)從句,這種用法比較“固定”,、在復(fù)合句中用作同位語(yǔ)的從句叫同位語(yǔ)從句。它一般跟在某些名詞后面，用以說(shuō)明該名詞表示的具體內(nèi)容。如：I heard the news that our team had won．我聽(tīng)到了我們隊(duì)獲勝的消息。I had no idea that you were here．我不知道你在這里。二、可以跟同位語(yǔ)從句的名詞通常有news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，words（消息），possibility等。如：I’ve e from Mr wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon． 我從王先生那里來(lái)，他讓我告訴你他今天下午不能來(lái)看你了。三、英語(yǔ)中引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的詞通有連詞 that，whether，連接副詞 how,when, where等。（注：if,which 不能引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句。）如：l have no idea when he will be back．我不知道他什么時(shí)候回來(lái)。He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or 。四、有時(shí)同位語(yǔ)從句可以不緊跟在說(shuō)明的名詞后面，而被別的詞隔開(kāi)。如：Several years later，word came that Napoleon himself was ing to inspect them．幾年以后，有消息傳來(lái)說(shuō)拿破侖要親自視 察他們。The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city．他突然想起可能敵人已經(jīng)逃出城了。六、名詞性that從句1）由從屬連詞that引導(dǎo)的從句叫做名詞性that從句。That只起連接主句和從句的作用，在從句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，本身也沒(méi)有詞義。名詞性that從句在句中能充當(dāng)主 語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)和形容詞賓語(yǔ)，例如：主語(yǔ)：That she is still alive is her 。賓語(yǔ)：John said that he was leaving for London on 。表語(yǔ)：The fact is that he has not been seen 。同位語(yǔ)：The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his ，這一事實(shí)令辦公室所有的人不安。形容詞賓語(yǔ)：I am glad that you are satisfied with your 。2）That從句作主語(yǔ)通常用it作先行詞，而將that從句置于句末，例如：It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to ，整個(gè)計(jì)劃注定要失敗。It39。s a pity that you should have to 。用it作形式主語(yǔ)的that從句有以下四種不同的搭配關(guān)系： + be +形容詞+ that從句It is necessary that… 有必要……It is important that… 重要的是…… It is obvious that… 很明顯…… + be +ed 分詞+ that從句It is believed that… 人們相信……It is known to all that… 眾所周知…… It has been decided that… 已決定…… + be +名詞+ that從句It is mon knowledge that… ……是常識(shí)It is a surprise that… 令人驚奇的是…… It is a fact that… 事實(shí)是…… +不及物動(dòng)詞+ that從句It appears that… 似乎……It happens that… 碰巧…… It occurred to me that… 我突然想起……七、名詞性wh從句1）由wh詞引導(dǎo)的名詞從句叫做名詞性wh從句。Wh詞包括who, whom,.whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等連接代詞和where, when, how, why等連接副詞。Wh從句的語(yǔ)法功能除了和that從句一樣外，還可充當(dāng)介詞賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)等，例如： 主語(yǔ)： How the book will sell depends on its 。直接賓語(yǔ)：In one39。s own home one can do what one 。間接賓語(yǔ)：The club will give whoever wins a 。表語(yǔ)： My question is who will take over president of the 。賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：She will name him whatever she wants 。同位語(yǔ)： I have no idea when he will 。形容詞賓語(yǔ)：I39。m not sure why she refused their 。介詞賓語(yǔ)： That depends on where we shall 。2）Wh從句作主語(yǔ)也常用先行詞it做形式主語(yǔ)，而將wh從