【正文】 will to the plexity of the subject, winter travelling in the backcountry4 is never 100% avalanche safety is a continuous____11____， including route selection and examination of the snowpack, weather____12____ and human wellknown good habits can also____13____ the local authorities issue avalanche risk reports, they should be considered and all warnings should be paid ____14____ follow in the tracks of others without your own evaluations。snow conditions are almost certain to have changed since they were the terrain and note obvious avalanche paths where plants are____15____ or traveling below others who might trigger an ：avalanche snowpack terrain ，地勢steep ，陸峭的 trigger ，激發(fā) incidence (率)ski plexity 注釋： of rest：這里指積雪保持靜止的角度。 of thumb：指“a broadly accurate principle, based on experience or practice rather than theory”，即“通用法則，經(jīng)驗(yàn)法則39。 ：是一個副詞，用來引人新的事實(shí)或論點(diǎn)，意為“此外”。：人煙稀少的地區(qū) 練習(xí)： amongB ofC toD in when B thatC whoD whose mostlyB likelyC clearlyD surely areB will beC isD was weightB formC riskD work fallB flowC rollD gather fallB flowC rollD gather amongB betweenC withD for thickB thinC flatD rocky useB timeC snowD rain journeyB tripC factD process conditionsB reportsC forecastD event increaseB reduceC improveD remove priceB effortC attentionD money missingB grownC bigD fresh 答案與題解： 表“雪崩是山上可能發(fā)生的最大危險之一”的意思，因此應(yīng)該選擇among(在……之中)。 從該句的語法結(jié)構(gòu)上來看，此處需要一個關(guān)系代詞，代替slope，所以that是最佳選擇。選項A、C、D均不符合語法。 選項A不合語法，C和D符合語法，但不符合常識：過度的雪的積壓可能導(dǎo)致雪崩，而不是必定導(dǎo)致雪崩。所以，B是最佳答案。 該句的主語是Determining the critical load，從上下文來看應(yīng)該使用一般現(xiàn)在時，所以C是正確答案。 要確定本題答案的一個有效的方法是排除法。a low weight/form work of avalanche都不合邏輯，只有a low risk of avalanche符合上下文的意思。下面的句子解釋了low risk of avalanche的道理，更證實(shí)了選risk是正確的。 第6題和第7題可以一起考慮。整個句子的意思是：在較陡峭的坡面上，雪不會大量堆積。在較為平坦的坡面，雪不會輕易滑動。 見注釋6。 理解了句子的意思就不難判斷選項：雪在靜止?fàn)顟B(tài)下，角度在35176。 ~45176。之間，最可能發(fā)生人為觸發(fā)的雪崩。between：在……之間。 這個句子說明的是什么樣的山坡最易發(fā)生雪崩，即A slope that is flat enough to hold snow but steep enough to ski。flat在此作“平坦”解，與后面的steep形成反義。 句中的that is表明，后半部分是對前半部分的進(jìn)一步說明。所以，這里的選擇要根據(jù)下文的意思判斷。use是最佳選擇,整個句子的意思是：山坡被滑雪者使用得越多，雪崩就越有可能發(fā)生。 盡管選項A、B和D都能和continuous搭配，從全段的內(nèi)容判斷，只有process是最佳選擇，因?yàn)樵摱蚊鑼懙氖侨绾畏纻溲┍酪约叭绾巫龊冒踩胧┑纫幌盗袉栴}。 選項A、B、C都可以與weather搭配，但是根據(jù)上下文，只有A最為符合文章的內(nèi)容。 選項A不符合句子的意思。C不能和risk搭配。D也不符合句子的意思，因?yàn)椴豢赡芡耆┍赖碾[患。 該句主句使用的是被動語態(tài)，第二個動詞是pay attention to的被動形式。選項A、B、D均不符合句子的意思。 該句是作者給出的一系列忠告之一，即認(rèn)真觀察地形，注意明顯的雪崩路徑：沒有植物或植物被毀壞的地方。選項B、C、D均不符合句意。譯文：雪崩和安全問題雪崩是雪摻雜著空氣和水沿著山體突然迅猛地滑動造成的。雪崩是造成山區(qū)人們生命和財產(chǎn)安全的最大危險之一。所有雪崩都是由于物質(zhì)的過渡負(fù)荷造成，通常是積雪堆積過厚，很不穩(wěn)固，超出了山坡面的承載能力。要確定山坡的臨界承載量，可能造成突然雪崩的負(fù)荷量是一項很復(fù)雜的任務(wù)，需要衡量多個因素。通常傾斜度小于25度，大于60度的山坡發(fā)生雪崩的危險要小一些。積雪不會在陡峭的山坡上大量堆積，同樣也不會在平緩的山坡上快速滑動。當(dāng)雪在靜止?fàn)顟B(tài)下的角度在35_45度之間，最可能發(fā)生人為觸發(fā)的雪崩。人為引發(fā)雪崩的臨界角度是38度，是最易人為引發(fā)雪崩的角度。常規(guī)經(jīng)驗(yàn)是：一個平緩的足以堆積積雪，同時陡峭的適合人們滑雪的山坡，無論角度如何，都有可能產(chǎn)生雪崩。此外，雪崩的危險隨著使用的增加而增加，換言之，滑雪者活動得越頻繁，雪崩的可能性越大。由于雪崩研究的復(fù)雜性，冬天在人煙稀少的地區(qū)旅行從來不是百分之百的安全。很好地躲避雪崩，保持安全是一個連續(xù)的過程，包括選擇路線、檢查積雪、了解天氣狀況及其他人為因素。以下幾個廣為人知的好習(xí)慣也可以降低風(fēng)險：如果當(dāng)?shù)貦?quán)威部門發(fā)布了雪崩警報，你應(yīng)當(dāng)予以考慮，加以注意。絕不要不加審度，就立刻接受他人意見。積雪自形成的那時就幾乎注定要發(fā)生變化。認(rèn)真觀察地形，注意明顯的雪崩路徑：沒有植物或植物被毀壞的地方。不要在那些可能引發(fā)雪崩的人或事物下面行走。第四篇Animal’s “Sixth Sense”A tsunami was triggered by an earthquake in the Indian Ocean in December, killed tens of thousands of people in Asia and East animals,____1____, seem to have escaped that terrible phenomenon adds weight to notions that1 they possess a “sixth sense” for____2____, experts Lankan wildlife officials have said the giant waves that killed over 24,000 people along the Indian Ocean island’s coast clearly____3____ wild beasts, with no dead animals found.“No elephants are dead, not____4____ a dead think animals can____5____ have a sixth know when things are happening,” , deputy director of Sri Lanka’s Wildlife Department, said about one month after the tsunami washed floodwaters up to 2 miles inland at Yala National Park in the ravaged southeast, Sri Lanka’s biggest wildlife____7____ and home to hundreds of wild elephants and several leopards.“There has been a lot of____8____ evidence about dogs barking or birds migrating before volcanic eruptions or it has not been proven,” said Matthew van Lierop, an animal behavior____9____ at Johannesburg Zoo.“There have been no____10____ studies because you can’t really test it in a lab or field setting2，” he told authorities concurred with this____11____ “Wildlife seem to be able to pick up certain____12____ especially birds...there are many reports of birds detecting impending disasters/’ said Clive Walker, who has written several books on African rely on the known senses such as smell or hearing to avoid danger such as notion of an animal “sixth sense” — or____14____ other mythical power — is an enduring one3 which the evidence on Sri Larika’s ravaged coast is likely to add Romans saw owls____15____ omens of impending disaster and many ancient cultures viewed elephants as sacred animals endowed with special powers or ：tsunami trigger ，觸發(fā) ravaged leopard eruption migrate volcanic concur v.(with)同意，贊成 impending predator mythical owl omen ，征兆 endow 注釋： weight to notions that：更加相信 setting：field意為“實(shí)地，野外”，setting意為“環(huán)境”。field setting可譯為“野外環(huán)境”。 one：由來已久的信念。one指代在句首出現(xiàn)的notion。enduring意為“持久的，永久的”。練習(xí)： thereforeB howeverC althoughD whatever sheltersB foodsC disastersD water missedB protectedC raisedD caught suchB tooC soD even feelB seeC hearD sense wavesB tidesC windsD rivers birthplacesB playgroundC reserveD storage experimentalB apparentC scientificD chemical specialistB assistantC supporterD sponsor additionalB specificC especialD exceptional modificationB detectionC assessmentD value routeB behaviorC principleD phenomenon unwillinglyB occasionallyC doubtfullyDcertainly someB muchC manyD few onB asC forD in 答案與題解： 第一句說的是海嘯造成了巨大的人員傷亡，第二句說的是動物能逃脫海嘯的襲擊。兩句意思相反，所以要用however承接上文。 上文說的是：海嘯是一種自然災(zāi)害，所以“sixth sense”范圍只能是disasters，不能是shelters，foods或water。 本句繼續(xù)在對比海嘯造成的人員傷亡和動物能逃脫海嘯這一現(xiàn)象。答案應(yīng)該是選項A(missed)。其他三個選項的詞義與上下文都不相配。 從上下文判斷，本