【正文】 hat ??。while other people view differently, they contend that??.And some others??.In my opinion / As far as I am concerned / From my point of view, I prefer??.Personally speaking, I would rather??.As long as / With the development of??, we’ll certainly that?? in the ． 利弊選擇型利弊選擇型作文要求考生能對一個(gè)論題的正反兩個(gè)方面加以闡述分析，進(jìn)一步作出選擇，推導(dǎo)出自己認(rèn)為合理的解決該問題的模式。審題思路考生拿到作文題后首先應(yīng)該確立協(xié)作主題、寫作結(jié)構(gòu)以及材料選擇與組織。寫作步驟l 主題：分析問題事實(shí)存在是否有討論的必要性lll 開頭段：點(diǎn)明主題，指出爭論焦點(diǎn) 中心段1：闡述提綱中列舉的一種看法，給出理由或者舉例說明 結(jié)構(gòu)：主題句+理由/舉例1+理由/舉例2+理由/舉例3 中心段2：闡述提綱中列舉的另一種看法，給出理由或者舉例說明結(jié)構(gòu)：主題句+理由/舉例1+理由/舉例2+理由/舉例3l 結(jié)論段：表明自己的觀點(diǎn)，結(jié)束全文類型范例These days we often hear that??.It is mon that??.People hold different views about??.Some people believe / have the idea that ??.They say that??.They point out that??.For example??.But on the contrary, other people disagree with firmly believe that??.They argue that??.In my own opinion, the former / latter opinion holds more one thing, ??.For another, ??.Last but not the least, ??.3． 現(xiàn)象解釋型現(xiàn)象解釋型作文要明確描述社會(huì)生活中存在的一種現(xiàn)象，要求考生根據(jù)自己的思考說明該現(xiàn)象所反映的社會(huì)問題，并且解釋該現(xiàn)象存在或發(fā)生的原因。表述類型現(xiàn)象解釋型作文有兩種表述類型，其中包括文字描述型和圖表說明型?？忌玫阶魑念}，應(yīng)就給出信息確立寫作主題、結(jié)構(gòu)以及材料的選擇和組織。寫作步驟1 文字描述型可以將文章分為三段，指出現(xiàn)象；解釋原因；分析優(yōu)劣褒貶，最后明確主旨，并且給出建議。lll 第一部分：描述現(xiàn)象，引起話題； 第二部分：對現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行細(xì)致分析，結(jié)實(shí)現(xiàn)象發(fā)生或變化的原因； 第三部分：針對現(xiàn)象做出評論，表明自己的態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)或做法以及如何在日常生活中有效發(fā)揮該現(xiàn)象的優(yōu)勢或避免不利的方面。解釋、描述句型（1）Everybody knows that?（2）It is true that?（3）（4）（5）（6）One thing which is equally important to the above mentioned is? The chief reason is that? To take?for an example? Among the most convincing reasons given, one should be mentioned?（7）There are several causes for this significant growth in?：First?Secondly?Finally?（8）Different people observes it in different 圖表說明型是現(xiàn)象解釋性作文的變體。在此類作文中，題目提供的主題信息由圖表來呈現(xiàn)，表現(xiàn)某一現(xiàn)象的細(xì)節(jié)、變化或發(fā)展趨勢，要求考生對所給信息進(jìn)行分析，然后描述，說明現(xiàn)象存在和變化的原因，預(yù)測發(fā)展趨勢，并且在此過程中闡述個(gè)人看法。l 第一部分：描述圖表中數(shù)據(jù)的主要趨勢，對數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析比較，總結(jié)歸納圖表l 內(nèi)容所呈現(xiàn)的主要特征； 第二部分：對現(xiàn)象和變化進(jìn)行細(xì)致的分析，解釋現(xiàn)象發(fā)生或變化的原因；l 第三部分：針對現(xiàn)象和變化做出結(jié)論。圖表、描述句型（1）It has increased by three times as pared with that of 1998.（2）There is an increase of 20% in total this year.（3）The table shows that it is decreased twice than that of the year 1996.（4）Compared with 1997, it fell from 15 to 10 percent.（5）The number is 5 times as much as that of 1995.（6）It has decreased almost two and half times, pare with?類型范例From the chart / graph / table / figure, we can clearly see that??.Obviously that??.Inmy mind, there are three reasons can explain this begin with / The main reason is??.What is more / In addition that??.Thirdly / Lastly / Apart from that??.As a result / In short??.Considering all these??.For one thing??.For another??.In conclusion / In brief / To sum up??.4． 途徑點(diǎn)評型途徑方法型作文通過給出提示性文字或圖表提出（或反映）社會(huì)生活中存在的某一現(xiàn)實(shí)問題，要求考生指出問題的危害性或解決該問題的緊迫性。然后對問題進(jìn)行分析，提出解決方案或應(yīng)對措施，最后表明考生自己的態(tài)度和做法。審題思路了解途徑方法類作文的特征，按照下列思路進(jìn)行寫作：首先概述現(xiàn)狀，提出問題；其次分析和解決問題；最后總結(jié)全文或提出建議。寫作步驟l 明確所要討論的主題ll 開頭段：闡述為什么要討論該主題，其重要性以及作用 中心段1：分析主題討論問題的原因l 中心段2：討論解決問題所必須的條件或具備的因素l 結(jié)論段：得出結(jié)論，重申問題的重要性或者從各個(gè)方面提出解決該問題的建議和方法類型范例With the improvement of??, there are??.For example, ??.So it is high time??.The reasons are: First / At first / To begin with??.Secondly / The second / In addition / Furthermore / Besides, ??.Lastly / Finally / Last but not least??.But how to??？In my opinion, I think / as far as I am concerned??.On the one hand??.On the other hand??.Therefore, I believe??.第五篇：大學(xué)英語四級短文聽力大學(xué)英語四級短文聽力：提問方式及解題對策短文聽力的提問方式最常見的有4種類型。這類問題主要是測試文章的主題思想。提問方式有：What is the main idea of the passage? What can we learn from this passage? What is the best title for this passage? What is the passage mainly about? What is the speaker talking about?等等。做這一類題時(shí)一定要注意集中精力聽好短文的開頭，因?yàn)樗募壜犃Χ涛囊话銜?huì)開門見山，把中心思想置于文章的開頭。另外，如果文中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)同一詞匯或同一類詞匯，同樣也值得我們特別注意，因?yàn)榘羞@類詞匯的選項(xiàng)能較好地體現(xiàn)中心思想，通常就是正確答案。所考察的細(xì)節(jié)包括具體時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、主要人物或事件、各種數(shù)字等，問題一般為whquestion的形式。這類題要求我們聽到文中出現(xiàn)時(shí)間、數(shù)字時(shí)一定要特別敏感，及時(shí)做好筆記；另外，文中一旦出現(xiàn)以因果連詞(如because, so, due to等)和轉(zhuǎn)折連詞(如but, however, though等)引導(dǎo)的句子也要格外留心，這些地方往往就是考點(diǎn)。這類題常用以下提問方式：Which of the following is true/not true, according to the passage? Which of the following is not mentioned?等等。聽到這類題時(shí)，一定要聽清提問，對于有沒有not一詞要弄清楚。一般情況下，not一詞會(huì)重讀。這類題需要對文中的信息進(jìn)行分析推斷，才能作出正確的選擇。提問方式有：What can be infer from the passage? What does the speaker think about the problem...? What does the speaker most concerned about? How does the writer feel about...?等等。做這類題時(shí)一定要注意與短文內(nèi)容一樣的不是推斷，而且一定要根據(jù)短文的觀點(diǎn)而不是根據(jù)自己的觀點(diǎn)來推斷。