【導(dǎo)讀】人們往往把用過(guò)了的潤(rùn)滑油稱為“廢油”,這是不恰當(dāng)?shù)?。用而生成酸類和其他各種氧化中間產(chǎn)物如醇、醛、酮等。度氧化而生成樹(shù)脂和瀝青質(zhì),結(jié)果潤(rùn)滑油的酸值增加,油料變黑變臟。油中變質(zhì)的只是其中部分烴類,其余的大部分烴類組成,還是潤(rùn)滑油的主要粘度載體,只要除去變質(zhì)物及雜質(zhì),必要時(shí)加入適當(dāng)?shù)奶砑觿?就能把廢潤(rùn)滑油變成優(yōu)良的潤(rùn)滑油產(chǎn)品。顏色、過(guò)濾速度、閃點(diǎn)、酸值、機(jī)械雜質(zhì)顆粒等性能評(píng)定，使其達(dá)到合格的產(chǎn)品。世界上自從發(fā)生石油危機(jī)以來(lái),石油不斷漲價(jià)。努力探索石油的代用品,并加強(qiáng)對(duì)度油的。將費(fèi)油經(jīng)過(guò)適當(dāng)?shù)墓に囂幚?，出去變質(zhì)成分及外來(lái)污染物后，無(wú)論從技術(shù)、環(huán)境保護(hù)、資源利用以及經(jīng)濟(jì)的角度來(lái)看，都是合適。在發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家，有一種力求把廢油再生廠的規(guī)模擴(kuò)大的趨勢(shì)。年處理量30萬(wàn)噸。滿足環(huán)境保護(hù)的要求。1975年6月歐洲共同體發(fā)布命令，規(guī)定全部廢潤(rùn)滑油都必須回收再生，德國(guó)一直對(duì)廢油再生工業(yè)進(jìn)行補(bǔ)貼。美國(guó)在60至70年代曾在法律及政策上壓制

　　

【正文】 過(guò)濾，被留在濾器上的雜質(zhì)即為機(jī)械雜質(zhì)。 儀器與材料 燒杯或?qū)掝i的錐形燒瓶。 稱量瓶 玻璃漏斗 保溫漏斗 吸濾瓶 水流泵或真空泵 干燥器 水浴或電熱板 紅外線燈泡 微孔玻璃濾器：坩堝式，鋁板孔徑 ~9um。 定量濾紙：中速（濾速 31~60s），直徑 11cm。 溶劑油：符合 GB1922 中 NY120 規(guī)格 95%乙醇：化學(xué)純。 乙醚：化學(xué)純 苯：化學(xué)純 乙醇 苯混合液：用 95%乙醇和苯按體積比 1:︰ 4 配成 乙醇 乙醚混合成：用 95%乙醇和乙醚按體積比 4︰ 1 配成 實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟（略） 新液壓油油品指標(biāo)與再生液壓油質(zhì)量對(duì)比 項(xiàng)目 新液壓油 再生液壓油 外觀 閃點(diǎn)（閉口） /℃ 酸值， mgKOH/g 機(jī)械雜質(zhì) % （重） 黃色透明 220 黃色透明 227 項(xiàng)目 新液壓油 再生液壓油 外觀 閃點(diǎn)（閉口） /℃ 酸值， mgKOH/g 機(jī)械雜質(zhì) % （重） 黃色透明 220 黃色透明 227 再生油規(guī)格試行指標(biāo) 再生油 再生油與同牌號(hào)新油的允許偏差 酸值 機(jī)械雜質(zhì) 水分 閃點(diǎn) 機(jī)械油 7 號(hào) + ＜ ＜ —— 機(jī)械油 30 號(hào) + ＜ ＜ —— 壓縮機(jī)油 1 19 號(hào) + ＜ —— —— 各號(hào)變壓器油 + —— —— —— 汽油機(jī)油 15 號(hào) +0,10 ＜ —— 5 柴油機(jī)油 1 14 號(hào) + ＜ —— 5 注： 再生油的腐蝕和水溶性酸和堿都要確保無(wú) 各號(hào)再生機(jī)械油在用戶同意時(shí)閃點(diǎn)比新油標(biāo)準(zhǔn)低 10℃，凝點(diǎn)可比新油標(biāo)準(zhǔn)高 10℃ 汽油機(jī)油、柴油機(jī)油酸枝、灰分、殘?zhí)烤暈榧犹砑觿r(shí)的數(shù)值。 結(jié)論 本實(shí)驗(yàn)廢液壓油再生，根據(jù)其油品質(zhì)量表明再生液壓油符合工業(yè)指標(biāo)。 參考文獻(xiàn) 【 1】 戴鈞墚編著：《廢潤(rùn)滑油再生》，中國(guó)石化出版社 1999 【 2】 王立光、彭宇：《油料分析實(shí)驗(yàn)》，后勤工程學(xué)院印刷廠， . 【 3】 何大鈞主編：液壓油的污染控制。重慶：科技文 獻(xiàn)出版社重慶分社 【 4】 石油化工科學(xué)院綜合研究所情報(bào)室編：廢潤(rùn)滑再生，北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社 【 5】 董浚修：《潤(rùn)滑原理及潤(rùn)滑油》，中國(guó)石化出版社，. 致謝 在論文完成之際，我要衷心的感謝我的父母，教育過(guò)我的老師、幫助過(guò)我的同學(xué)，關(guān)心我的朋友和支持我的親人。是你們讓我擁有現(xiàn)在所有的一切，并陪伴我度過(guò)了所有幸福、快樂(lè)的時(shí)光。 本文是在導(dǎo)師王九副教授的精心指導(dǎo)和其他教員的幫助下完成的，王教授嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)闹螌W(xué)態(tài)度和科學(xué)的研究方法，在實(shí)驗(yàn)和論文寫(xiě)作上對(duì)我嚴(yán)格要求，耐心指導(dǎo)，給我了極大的啟迪和教育，論文 能夠順利完成，都是得助于他們的幫助指導(dǎo)。在此，向他們表達(dá)我最真摯的謝意。 感謝 20216163 班的全體同學(xué)，是你們使我懂得了，同學(xué)之間才有的那種友誼和歡樂(lè)，謝謝你們陪伴我度過(guò)這 4 年的風(fēng)風(fēng)雨雨！我愛(ài)你們！ Automotive Oil Three types of automotive oils are recognized and defined by the Society of Automotive Engineers(SAE) ， based on type of use, namely, crankcase oils, transmission and axle lubricants, and hydraulic torque converters. Each type of automotive oils has been further classified by the SAE interms of viscosity. The property of viscosity is recognized as the most important single characteristicof lubricating oils for automotive use. The viscosity classifications take account of the temperaturesat which the oils， to be used. The trouble free running of an engine depends strongly on the viscosily grade of the oils, chosen according to the ambient temperature and the operating low viscosity must be chosen so that a sufficient cold starting speed can be reached at a given starled torque and buttery capacity, even at low temperatures. On the other hand, the viscosity mustsatisfy the requirements of all lubrication points even at high working temperatures. However, when considered in terns of their behavior in automotive units and not in terms oftheir properties as determined by laboratory tests, the general performance characteristics of automolive oils can be grouped into three classifications。 Proper fluidity characteristics. Adequate 39。 oiliness39。 for boundary lubrication. Stability, chemical inertness, and cleanliness. Under the first grouping es the fluidity, or in technical terms the viscosity, of crankcaseand gear oils. The oils should be viscous enough to keep relatively moving surfaces apart, to minimize leakage past rotating seals, and to assist the piston rings in sealing the bustion chamber,still being fluid enough under coldstarting conditions to 11ow readily into the oil pump suction andbe channeled by gears. In the second grouping, the precise characteristics of oils which give them adequate `oiliness39。 for boundary lubrication are at present very nebulous. It is generally agreed that with a hydrodynamics lubricating film, as the rubbing speed and the viscosity decrease or the pressure between the surfaces increases, the lubricant film bees thinner and thinner and the coefficient of friction decrease in an almost direct proportion to these changes. However, when the thickness of the lubricantfilm is reduced to the point where it is about equal to the sum of the predominant surface peak roughness of the two surfaces it separates, the lubricating conditions, although still almost entirelyhydrodynamics, are partially solidtosolid contact. As the lubricant film bees thinner and thinner, more and more of the h 州rodynamics prop erties of the film disappear and more and more of the solidtosolid characteristics appear. This typeof lubrication which is encountered between full hydrodynamic fluidfilm lubrication and full soldtosolid contact is most generally described as 39。 boundary lubrication39。. It is in this type of lubrication that the characteristic which has been called‘ oiliness39。，‘ lubricity‘ film strength39。， etc，bees of significance Under the thirdeating nature, assistclassification e those characteristics which, although not strictly of a lubriin maintaining the satisfaraory operation of the unitsdepose or deposit material in the unit. II should not have undesirableparts of the unit or be affected by temperatures normally encountered in lubricant should not chemical reactions with It should not bring dirt into or leave dirt in the unit. II should transfer heat easily from hotter to colder areas without deteriorating. It should not foam with air, emulsify with water, or 6e inpatible with similar lubricantsused previously or subsequently in the unit The selection of the most suitable set of characteristics for an oil for any given engine, ironsmission, or axle involves a considerable number of promises because of the. many different conditions under which the oil must operate when properly lubricating any one of these units. The most usual basis for arriving at such promises is