【導(dǎo)讀】人們往往把用過了的潤滑油稱為“廢油”,這是不恰當?shù)?。用而生成酸類和其他各種氧化中間產(chǎn)物如醇、醛、酮等。度氧化而生成樹脂和瀝青質(zhì),結(jié)果潤滑油的酸值增加,油料變黑變臟。油中變質(zhì)的只是其中部分烴類,其余的大部分烴類組成,還是潤滑油的主要粘度載體,只要除去變質(zhì)物及雜質(zhì),必要時加入適當?shù)奶砑觿?就能把廢潤滑油變成優(yōu)良的潤滑油產(chǎn)品。顏色、過濾速度、閃點、酸值、機械雜質(zhì)顆粒等性能評定，使其達到合格的產(chǎn)品。世界上自從發(fā)生石油危機以來,石油不斷漲價。努力探索石油的代用品,并加強對度油的。將費油經(jīng)過適當?shù)墓に囂幚恚鋈プ冑|(zhì)成分及外來污染物后，無論從技術(shù)、環(huán)境保護、資源利用以及經(jīng)濟的角度來看，都是合適。在發(fā)達國家，有一種力求把廢油再生廠的規(guī)模擴大的趨勢。年處理量30萬噸。滿足環(huán)境保護的要求。1975年6月歐洲共同體發(fā)布命令，規(guī)定全部廢潤滑油都必須回收再生，德國一直對廢油再生工業(yè)進行補貼。美國在60至70年代曾在法律及政策上壓制

　　

【正文】 過濾，被留在濾器上的雜質(zhì)即為機械雜質(zhì)。 儀器與材料 燒杯或?qū)掝i的錐形燒瓶。 稱量瓶 玻璃漏斗 保溫漏斗 吸濾瓶 水流泵或真空泵 干燥器 水浴或電熱板 紅外線燈泡 微孔玻璃濾器：坩堝式，鋁板孔徑 ~9um。 定量濾紙：中速（濾速 31~60s），直徑 11cm。 溶劑油：符合 GB1922 中 NY120 規(guī)格 95%乙醇：化學純。 乙醚：化學純 苯：化學純 乙醇 苯混合液：用 95%乙醇和苯按體積比 1:︰ 4 配成 乙醇 乙醚混合成：用 95%乙醇和乙醚按體積比 4︰ 1 配成 實驗步驟（略） 新液壓油油品指標與再生液壓油質(zhì)量對比 項目 新液壓油 再生液壓油 外觀 閃點（閉口） /℃ 酸值， mgKOH/g 機械雜質(zhì) % （重） 黃色透明 220 黃色透明 227 項目 新液壓油 再生液壓油 外觀 閃點（閉口） /℃ 酸值， mgKOH/g 機械雜質(zhì) % （重） 黃色透明 220 黃色透明 227 再生油規(guī)格試行指標 再生油 再生油與同牌號新油的允許偏差 酸值 機械雜質(zhì) 水分 閃點 機械油 7 號 + ＜ ＜ —— 機械油 30 號 + ＜ ＜ —— 壓縮機油 1 19 號 + ＜ —— —— 各號變壓器油 + —— —— —— 汽油機油 15 號 +0,10 ＜ —— 5 柴油機油 1 14 號 + ＜ —— 5 注： 再生油的腐蝕和水溶性酸和堿都要確保無 各號再生機械油在用戶同意時閃點比新油標準低 10℃，凝點可比新油標準高 10℃ 汽油機油、柴油機油酸枝、灰分、殘?zhí)烤暈榧犹砑觿r的數(shù)值。 結(jié)論 本實驗廢液壓油再生，根據(jù)其油品質(zhì)量表明再生液壓油符合工業(yè)指標。 參考文獻 【 1】 戴鈞墚編著：《廢潤滑油再生》，中國石化出版社 1999 【 2】 王立光、彭宇：《油料分析實驗》，后勤工程學院印刷廠， . 【 3】 何大鈞主編：液壓油的污染控制。重慶：科技文 獻出版社重慶分社 【 4】 石油化工科學院綜合研究所情報室編：廢潤滑再生，北京：機械工業(yè)出版社 【 5】 董浚修：《潤滑原理及潤滑油》，中國石化出版社，. 致謝 在論文完成之際，我要衷心的感謝我的父母，教育過我的老師、幫助過我的同學，關(guān)心我的朋友和支持我的親人。是你們讓我擁有現(xiàn)在所有的一切，并陪伴我度過了所有幸福、快樂的時光。 本文是在導(dǎo)師王九副教授的精心指導(dǎo)和其他教員的幫助下完成的，王教授嚴謹?shù)闹螌W態(tài)度和科學的研究方法，在實驗和論文寫作上對我嚴格要求，耐心指導(dǎo)，給我了極大的啟迪和教育，論文 能夠順利完成，都是得助于他們的幫助指導(dǎo)。在此，向他們表達我最真摯的謝意。 感謝 20216163 班的全體同學，是你們使我懂得了，同學之間才有的那種友誼和歡樂，謝謝你們陪伴我度過這 4 年的風風雨雨！我愛你們！ Automotive Oil Three types of automotive oils are recognized and defined by the Society of Automotive Engineers(SAE) ， based on type of use, namely, crankcase oils, transmission and axle lubricants, and hydraulic torque converters. Each type of automotive oils has been further classified by the SAE interms of viscosity. The property of viscosity is recognized as the most important single characteristicof lubricating oils for automotive use. The viscosity classifications take account of the temperaturesat which the oils， to be used. The trouble free running of an engine depends strongly on the viscosily grade of the oils, chosen according to the ambient temperature and the operating low viscosity must be chosen so that a sufficient cold starting speed can be reached at a given starled torque and buttery capacity, even at low temperatures. On the other hand, the viscosity mustsatisfy the requirements of all lubrication points even at high working temperatures. However, when considered in terns of their behavior in automotive units and not in terms oftheir properties as determined by laboratory tests, the general performance characteristics of automolive oils can be grouped into three classifications。 Proper fluidity characteristics. Adequate 39。 oiliness39。 for boundary lubrication. Stability, chemical inertness, and cleanliness. Under the first grouping es the fluidity, or in technical terms the viscosity, of crankcaseand gear oils. The oils should be viscous enough to keep relatively moving surfaces apart, to minimize leakage past rotating seals, and to assist the piston rings in sealing the bustion chamber,still being fluid enough under coldstarting conditions to 11ow readily into the oil pump suction andbe channeled by gears. In the second grouping, the precise characteristics of oils which give them adequate `oiliness39。 for boundary lubrication are at present very nebulous. It is generally agreed that with a hydrodynamics lubricating film, as the rubbing speed and the viscosity decrease or the pressure between the surfaces increases, the lubricant film bees thinner and thinner and the coefficient of friction decrease in an almost direct proportion to these changes. However, when the thickness of the lubricantfilm is reduced to the point where it is about equal to the sum of the predominant surface peak roughness of the two surfaces it separates, the lubricating conditions, although still almost entirelyhydrodynamics, are partially solidtosolid contact. As the lubricant film bees thinner and thinner, more and more of the h 州rodynamics prop erties of the film disappear and more and more of the solidtosolid characteristics appear. This typeof lubrication which is encountered between full hydrodynamic fluidfilm lubrication and full soldtosolid contact is most generally described as 39。 boundary lubrication39。. It is in this type of lubrication that the characteristic which has been called‘ oiliness39。，‘ lubricity‘ film strength39。， etc，bees of significance Under the thirdeating nature, assistclassification e those characteristics which, although not strictly of a lubriin maintaining the satisfaraory operation of the unitsdepose or deposit material in the unit. II should not have undesirableparts of the unit or be affected by temperatures normally encountered in lubricant should not chemical reactions with It should not bring dirt into or leave dirt in the unit. II should transfer heat easily from hotter to colder areas without deteriorating. It should not foam with air, emulsify with water, or 6e inpatible with similar lubricantsused previously or subsequently in the unit The selection of the most suitable set of characteristics for an oil for any given engine, ironsmission, or axle involves a considerable number of promises because of the. many different conditions under which the oil must operate when properly lubricating any one of these units. The most usual basis for arriving at such promises is