【正文】
heatre every does morning exercise every plays the piano every 、常用時間狀語(表習慣性)always總是、often經(jīng)常、usually通常、every morning/day/week每天早上/每天/每周、sometimes有時、from time to time時不時、twice a week一周兩次、seldom 很少、never從不一般現(xiàn)在時的具體應(yīng)用:習慣真理和瞬間,書評將來也可用 1)表習慣、經(jīng)常性的事He gets up at 7:00 every )表示真理性、客觀性的事Light goes faster than 。The moon moves round the 。Knowledge is 。3)表瞬間發(fā)生的事Tom passes the ball to a goal!湯姆傳球給約翰。約翰射門。球進了!4)用寫書評、讀后感I finished reading a book is about a little mother dies when she is )表示安排好的將來一定發(fā)生的事(詳見一般將來時專題)Now it’s 8: train leaves at 10: final exam is in next :用所給詞的正確形式填空 often___________(play)on the _________(get)up at six o’ _________(brush)your teeth every (do)he usually _____(do)after school? ________(study)English, Chinese, Maths, Science and Art at sometimes __________(go)to the park with his eight at night, she ________(watch)TV with his Mike________(read)English every day? many lessons _________ your classmate__________(have)on Monday? time ________his mother_________(do)the housework?第五篇:名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)Grammar:名詞的數(shù)一、名詞分可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞 1可數(shù)名詞個體名詞都是可數(shù)名詞。每個可數(shù)名詞都有其單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)形式。:表示“一個”的概念。用名詞的單數(shù)時,名詞前需加a或an。如a book(一本書)、a river(一條河)、an apple(一個蘋果)、an orange(一個橘子)等。:表示兩個或兩個以上的物體。如two pens(兩枝鋼筆)、three days(三天)、three cities(三個城市)等。復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成有兩種:規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成和不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成。具體見下表。詞形特點變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成方法例詞大多數(shù)名詞在詞尾加s。(在清輔音后讀[s],在濁輔音及元音后讀[z]。)cat——catsbag——bagsday——days 以s、x、ch、sh結(jié)尾的名詞在詞尾加es,讀作[iz]。class——classesmatch——matches 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的名詞把y變成i,加es,讀作[iz]city——cities 以o結(jié)尾的名詞有些直接加es,讀作[z](口訣“黑人英雄喜歡土豆西紅柿”)。Negro—Negroes, hero—heroes, potato—potatoes, tomato——tomatoes其它直接加s,讀作[z]zoo——zoos radio——radios photo——photos piano——pianos 大多數(shù)要將f或fe變?yōu)関,再加es,讀作[z]leaf——leaveswife——wives 有些以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞有的直接加s,讀作[z]roof——roofs1)通過變形 man——men foot——feet tooth——teeth mouse——mice(老鼠)child——children2)單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同a sheep——two sheep, a deer——two deer(鹿)a fish—two fish(注意fish如果加s,則表示種類,two fishes 兩種魚)3)專有名詞復(fù)數(shù)(一般是指哪國人)a Chinese—two Chinese,a Japanese—two Japanese,an Englishman—two Englishmen,a Frenchman—two Frenchmen, an Arab—two Arabs, 口訣(中日不變,英法變,其它后面加s)4).復(fù)合名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的構(gòu)成組成部分均為表示人的主體詞各組成部分都要變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式woman doctor(女醫(yī)生)——women doctorman servant(男仆)——men servants 其它只要把后面的主體次變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)即可:a boy seller—two boy seller, a girl waiteress—two girl waitresses5)只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞: 由相同兩部分組成的物體的名稱scissors(剪刀)trousers(褲子)glasses(眼鏡)shorts(短褲)某些動名詞savings(積蓄)belongings(所有物)2不可數(shù)名詞表示無法分清個體的名詞。不過,有些詞在漢語中可數(shù),在英語中卻不可數(shù)。例如:news(新聞)、furniture(家具)、bread(面包)等。此類不可數(shù)名詞要表示“一”這個概念時,需用其它方式表達,如a piece of news,a piece of furniture,a loaf of bread等。一般來說,物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞是不可數(shù)的,通常沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。二、使用名詞單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)注意的事項(1)有些名詞加s形式表示特殊的意義,如times時代,goods貨物,greens蔬菜等。(2)work, paper等一些詞:表示工作時(work)是不可數(shù),表示著作(a new work,works)是可數(shù),如:a new work一個新作品,the works of him他的全部作品。表示紙(paper)不可數(shù),表示論文,試卷,報紙時(a paper, papers)是可數(shù), 如:a daily paper 一份日報,paper表示供閱讀的一張一張的“報紙”,是規(guī)則的可數(shù)名詞。如:Give me some papers to 。When I entered he was reading a 。exam papers 試卷 a paper on his research他的研究論文。(3)有些名詞看上去是復(fù)數(shù),其實是單數(shù),如表示學科的名詞physics,politics,mathematics,再如news等。(4)有些名詞看上去是單數(shù),其實是復(fù)數(shù)(這一類大多是集體名詞),如:people, police, family, team“人們/人民”時是集體名詞,表復(fù)數(shù)概念。作主語時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式 are a lot of people at the meeting.(不能用is)Many people go there only for fun.(不能用es)people指“民族”時,可以有單,復(fù)數(shù)形式(可以寫成peoples) Chinese people is a hardworking and brave peoples of Africa are (國): people著重全體,指“人們”之意時,可以說some people , many people,不能說two people person著重個人方面,可以說one person, two persons,一個 家庭用a family,許多家庭用many families, 如:There are many families on the beach.。做全體家人講時,family本身就是一個整體,代表的是復(fù)數(shù),后面的謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式, 如:All my family are very ;如果認為這個詞表示的是一個群體或單位,可用單數(shù)動詞: Our team is the best.我們這個隊是最好的。如果認為它表示的是這個隊的所有成員,就用復(fù)數(shù)動詞: Our team are wearing their new jerseys.我們這個隊的隊員們都穿著新運動衫。有些人對名詞數(shù)的概念不很清楚,對數(shù)目詞(expressions of number)和數(shù)量詞(expressions of quantity)也有些混亂,結(jié)果把數(shù)目詞用在不可數(shù)名詞之前或隨意在不可數(shù)名詞后面加上復(fù)數(shù)詞尾“s”,這些都是語法上的錯誤。例如:(1)Our workshop has ordered some new equipments from (配備)當成可數(shù)名詞,但是它是不可數(shù)的,不可有“s”。(2)My teacher gave me some sound “advice”。(3)Do you have any special informations for me?“Information”才對。(4)Most furnitures in my house are made of “furniture...is...”(5)Today,I have many new works to “a lot of new work”才是。(6)Our foreign students have made great progresses in their studies.“Progress”(進步)不可數(shù);不可有“es”。(7)All his money are kept in the bank.“Money”(金錢)屬不可數(shù)名詞;動詞要單數(shù)的“is”。上述這類有關(guān)不可數(shù)名詞的錯誤,極為普遍既然如此,要怎樣避免這種錯誤呢?.首先,必須牢記不可數(shù)名詞絕對沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。其次,隨時準備些數(shù)量詞,如“much/little/some/a little/a lot of/plenty of”等,以便在必要時和不可數(shù)名詞連用。最后,謹記:謂語動詞必須和主語的數(shù)目一致。既然不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式,那么謂語動詞若是簡單現(xiàn)在時態(tài)(simple present tense),現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)(present continuous tense)或現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)(present perfect tense)的話,就必須以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)。例如:(1)Bread is sold in coffee shops and supermarkets.(2)His luggage is somewhere at the railway station(3)Some money is being used to help the poor.(4)The information required includes personal particulars and the present salary.(5)A lot of time has been spent on this project.