【導(dǎo)讀】數(shù)控立式銑床是數(shù)控銑床中數(shù)量最多的一種，應(yīng)用范圍也最為廣泛。移動(dòng)式，其主軸可以在龍門(mén)架的橫向與垂直溜板上運(yùn)動(dòng)，而龍門(mén)架則沿床身作縱向運(yùn)動(dòng)。從機(jī)床數(shù)控系統(tǒng)控制的坐標(biāo)數(shù)量來(lái)看，目前3坐標(biāo)數(shù)控立式銑床仍占大多數(shù)?？蛇M(jìn)行3坐標(biāo)聯(lián)動(dòng)加工，但也有部分機(jī)床只能進(jìn)行3坐標(biāo)中的任意二個(gè)坐標(biāo)聯(lián)動(dòng)加工。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，機(jī)床控制的坐標(biāo)軸越多，特別是要求聯(lián)動(dòng)的坐標(biāo)。但隨之而來(lái)的是機(jī)床的結(jié)。式銑床的功能，加工范圍和加工對(duì)象，進(jìn)一步提高生產(chǎn)效率。一般功能是指各類(lèi)數(shù)控銑床普遍所具有。如點(diǎn)位控制功能、刀具半徑自動(dòng)補(bǔ)償功能、鏡象加工功能、固定循環(huán)功能等。數(shù)控銑床的主要加工對(duì)象有：平面類(lèi)零件；變斜角類(lèi)零件；曲。對(duì)工件的多工序加工而設(shè)置的存儲(chǔ)及更換刀具的裝置稱(chēng)為自動(dòng)換刀裝置。把刀具以?xún)?nèi)，）故增加自動(dòng)換刀裝置并同時(shí)自動(dòng)變換主軸轉(zhuǎn)速。可減輕勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度，減少。一轉(zhuǎn)到指令要求的位置一夾緊一發(fā)出轉(zhuǎn)位結(jié)束的信號(hào)。

　　

【正文】 elp mechanical hands: also known as the balancer, balance suspended, XIV laborsaving spreader, manual Transfer machine is a kind of weightlessness of manual load system, a novel, timesaving technology for material handling operations booster equipment, belonging to kinds of nonstandard design of series products. Customer application needs, creating customized cases. Manual operation of a simulation of the automatic machinery, it can be a fixed program draws ﹑ handling objects or perform household tools to acplish certain specific actions. Application of robot can replace the people engaged in monotonous ﹑ repetitive or heavy manual labor, the mechanization and automation of production, instead of people in hazardous environments manual operation, improving working conditions and ensure personal safety. The late 20th century, 40, the United States atomic energy experiments, the first use of radioactive material handling robot, human robot in a safe room to manipulate various operations and experimentation. 50 years later, manipulator and gradually extended to industrial production sector, for the temperatures, polluted areas, and loading and unloading to take place the work piece material, but also as an auxiliary device in automatic machine tools, machine tools, automatic production lines and processing center applications, the pletion of the upper and lower material, or From the library take place knife knife and so on according to fixed procedures for the replacement operation. Robot body mainly by the hand and sports institutions. Agencies with the use of hands and operation of objects of different occasions, often there are clamping ﹑ support and adsorption type of care. Movement ans are generally hydraulic pneumatic ﹑ ﹑ electrical device drivers. Manipulator can be achieved independently retractable ﹑ rotation and lifting movements, generally 2 to 3 degrees of freedom. Robots are widely used in metallurgical industry, machinery manufacture, light industry and atomic energy sectors. Can mimic some of the staff and arm motor function, a fixed procedure for the capture, handling objects or operating tools, automatic operation device. It can replace human labor in order to achieve the production of heavy mechanization and automation that can operate in hazardous environments to protect the personal XV safety, which is widely used in machinery manufacturing, metallurgy, electronics, light industry and nuclear power sectors. Mechanical hand tools or other equipment monly used for additional devices, such as the automatic machines or automatic production line handling and transmission of the workpiece, the replacement of cutting tools in machining centers, etc. generally do not have a separate control device. Some operating devices require direct manipulation by humans。 such as the atomic energy sector performs household hazardous materials used in the masterslave manipulator is also often referred to as mechanical hand. Manipulator mainly by hand and sports institutions. Task of hand is holding the workpiece (or tool) ponents, according to grasping objects by shape, size, weight, material and operational requirements of a variety of structural forms, such as clamp type, type and adsorptionbased care such as holding. Sports anizations, so that the pletion of a variety of hand rotation (swing), mobile or pound movements to achieve the required action, to change the location of objects by grasping and posture. Robot is the automated production of a kind used in the process of crawling and moving piece features automatic device, which is mechanized and automated production process developed a new type of device. In recent years, as electronic technology, especially puter extensive use of robot development and production of hightech fields has bee a rapidly developed a new technology, which further promoted the development of robot, allowing robot to better achieved with the bination of mechanization and automation. Robot can replace humans pleted the risk of duplication of boring work, to reduce human labor intensity and improve labor productivity. Manipulator has been applied more and more widely, in the machinery industry, it can be used for parts assembly, work piece handling, loading and unloading, particularly in the automation of CNC machine tools, modular machine tools more monly used. At present, the robot has developed into a FMS flexible manufacturing systems and flexible manufacturing cell in an important ponent of the FMC. The machine tool XVI equipment and machinery in hand together constitute a flexible manufacturing system or a flexible manufacturing cell, it was adapted to small and medium volume production, you can save a huge amount of the work piece conveyor device, pact, and adaptable. When the work piece changes, flexible production system is very easy to change will help enterprises to continuously update the marketable variety, improve product quality, and better adapt to market petition. At present, China39。s industrial robot technology and its engineering application level and parable to foreign countries there is a certain distance, application and industrialization of the size of the low level of robot research and development of a direct impact on raising the level of automation in China, from the economy, technical considerations are very necessary. Therefore, the study of mechanical hand design is very meaningful.