【正文】 ：如果你不能記住你所讀或者所學(xué)的東西，那你讀什么或?qū)W什么就無(wú)關(guān)緊要了，這一點(diǎn)毫不出奇。三、文章結(jié)構(gòu)分析這篇文章主要探討閱讀和學(xué)習(xí)中記憶的方法。文章段落分散，語(yǔ)言平實(shí)易懂，總體可以分為三個(gè)部分。第一部分為第一段，提出現(xiàn)象：指出記憶對(duì)于閱讀或?qū)W習(xí)的重要性，并且記憶需要聰明的方法。第二部分為第二至五段，敘述幫助記憶的方法之一：有目的或有原因的閱讀。以購(gòu)物過(guò)程和閱讀過(guò)程做類比說(shuō)明，有目的或有原因的閱讀可以幫助讀者獲得明確信息并進(jìn)行良好記憶。第三部分為第六至八段，論述閱讀的過(guò)程——理解內(nèi)容和批判性地思考評(píng)估內(nèi)容，而后者又包括區(qū)分事實(shí)與觀點(diǎn)、評(píng)判信息來(lái)源和進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確推理。四、試題具體分析 you cannot remember what yo，________。[A] 這毫不出奇[B] 這意味著你沒(méi)有真正學(xué)到任何東西 [C] 這意味著你沒(méi)有選對(duì)閱讀的書(shū)籍[D] 你意識(shí)到這無(wú)所謂 [A] it is no surprise [B] it means you have not really learned anything [C] it means you have not chosen the right book [D] you realize it is of no importance 【分析】本題所考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：具體細(xì)節(jié)題。第一段指出如果你不能記住你所讀或所學(xué)的內(nèi)容的話，就是在浪費(fèi)寶貴的時(shí)間，即你沒(méi)有從中學(xué)到任何東西，[B]選項(xiàng)正確。[A]和[D]選項(xiàng)偷換概念，第一段指出，如果不能記住所讀或所學(xué)的內(nèi)容，那么所讀或所學(xué)內(nèi)容無(wú)關(guān)緊要，這一點(diǎn)毫不出奇，而非“不能記住所讀或所學(xué)內(nèi)容”不出奇或無(wú)關(guān)緊要。[C]選項(xiàng)無(wú)干干擾，從文中無(wú)從推知。 you start reading, it i[A] to make sure why you are reading [B] to relate the information to your purpose [C] to remember what you read [D] to choose an interesting book，有必要________。[A] 確定你閱讀的原因 [B] 將信息與目的聯(lián)系起來(lái) [C] 記住你所讀的內(nèi)容 [D] 選擇有趣的讀物【分析】本題所考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：具體細(xì)節(jié)題。第二段提出一種幫助記憶的可靠方法，即有目的或有原因的閱讀，換句話說(shuō)，就是在閱讀前確定閱讀的目的或原因。[A]選項(xiàng)正確。[B]和[C]選項(xiàng)張冠李戴，它們是閱讀和記憶過(guò)程中的步驟，而非閱讀前的步驟。[D]選項(xiàng)無(wú)中生有。 activity invo[A] only two simultaneous processes [B] primarily learning about ideas and evaluating them critically [C] merely distinguishing between facts and opinions [D] mainly drawing accurate inferences。[A] 僅僅兩個(gè)同時(shí)發(fā)生的過(guò)程[B] 主要是理解內(nèi)容和批判性地評(píng)估內(nèi)容[C] 僅僅區(qū)分事實(shí)與觀點(diǎn) [D] 主要進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確推理【分析】本題所考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：具體細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞reading activity定位到文章第六段。第六段首句指出閱讀并非一項(xiàng)獨(dú)立的行為，它包括至少兩個(gè)同時(shí)發(fā)生的重要過(guò)程。③④句列出這兩個(gè)過(guò)程：迅速而準(zhǔn)確地理解內(nèi)容和以自己的思維表述對(duì)所讀內(nèi)容的反應(yīng)。[B]選項(xiàng)是對(duì)這兩個(gè)過(guò)程的同義改寫(xiě)，為正確項(xiàng)。[A]選項(xiàng)以偏概全，第六段首句指出閱讀行為至少包括（at least）兩個(gè)同時(shí)發(fā)生的過(guò)程，而非僅僅（only）這兩個(gè)過(guò)程。[C]和[D]選項(xiàng)張冠李戴，“區(qū)分事實(shí)與觀點(diǎn)”和“進(jìn)行正確推理”是最后兩段提到的“對(duì)所閱讀的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行思考的附加過(guò)程”的部分內(nèi)容，而非閱讀行為的直接過(guò)程。一般而言，帶有絕對(duì)意味的限定性詞語(yǔ)的選項(xiàng)（如only和merely）都不是正確項(xiàng)。 good reader is one 。[A] relates what he reads to his own knowledge about [A] 將其所讀的內(nèi)容與其了解的主題相關(guān)知識(shí)聯(lián)系the subject matter 起來(lái)[B] does lots of thinking in his reading [B] 在閱讀過(guò)程中進(jìn)行大量思考 [C] takes a critical attitude in his reading [C] 對(duì)閱讀采取批判性的態(tài)度 [D] is able to check the facts presented against what he [D] 能夠?qū)⑺x到的事實(shí)與已知事實(shí)核對(duì)has already known 【分析】本題所考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：具體細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“a good reader”定位到第七段。②句明確指出，一位好讀者就是一位批判性的讀者。[C]選項(xiàng)是這句話的同義改寫(xiě)，為正確項(xiàng)。[A]、[B]和[D]選項(xiàng)以偏概全，第七、八段論述批判性閱讀，指出思考閱讀內(nèi)容的過(guò)程包括評(píng)估內(nèi)容、將所讀內(nèi)容與已知內(nèi)容進(jìn)行聯(lián)系、根據(jù)自己的目的進(jìn)行應(yīng)用；而批判性閱讀則包括區(qū)分事實(shí)與觀點(diǎn)、評(píng)判內(nèi)容來(lái)源、進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確推理。[A]選項(xiàng)是思考過(guò)程中的一點(diǎn)；[B]選項(xiàng)僅提及閱讀中思考這一要素，而忽略批判性閱讀的其他要素；[D]選項(xiàng)也只提到批判性閱讀中的兩點(diǎn)，因此其他三項(xiàng)都不完整。五、全文翻譯如果你不能記住你所讀或者所學(xué)的東西，那你讀什么或?qū)W什么就無(wú)關(guān)緊要了，這一點(diǎn)毫不出奇。這樣不過(guò)是浪費(fèi)寶貴時(shí)間罷了。不過(guò)，或許你早已發(fā)現(xiàn)一些聰明的方法來(lái)避免遺忘。一種幫助你記住所學(xué)內(nèi)容的可靠方法就是有目的或有原因的閱讀。如果你清楚你為何而閱讀，那么你對(duì)所閱讀的內(nèi)容就會(huì)記得更牢靠些。當(dāng)你拒絕商店售貨員的幫助（“不，謝謝，我只是看看”）時(shí)，為什么售貨員就轉(zhuǎn)身走開(kāi)了呢？這是因?yàn)槟愫退贾溃绻悴淮_定自己要什么，你也不大可能會(huì)有所收獲。然而，假設(shè)你的回答是“是的，謝謝，我想買(mǎi)一副太陽(yáng)鏡?！彼龝?huì)回答，“好的，請(qǐng)這邊走?！比缓竽愫退拖颉澳康牡亍弊呷ァ计惹械厝ふ夷阆胍臇|西。這與你的學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程非常相似。如果你隨機(jī)選擇了一本書(shū)，“只是看看”而不是尋找具體東西，那么你所得到的很可能是——一無(wú)所獲。但是，如果你知道你想要什么，而你手頭又有正確的書(shū)，那么你幾乎肯定會(huì)獲得你所想要的東西。你的緣由可能大不相同：閱讀或?qū)W習(xí)是為了“找出更多信息”、“為了理解原因”和“為了找出方法”。一個(gè)好學(xué)生對(duì)于他所做的事情總有一個(gè)明確的目的或原因。這就是奏效的方法。在開(kāi)始學(xué)習(xí)之前，你這樣告訴自己，“我想知道斯蒂芬文森特貝尼特為什么這樣描寫(xiě)美國(guó)。我讀這篇文章就是要找出原因?！被蛘摺拔乙ㄗx這篇文章，看看中世紀(jì)英格蘭的生活到底是什么樣子的?！庇捎谀阒篱喿x或?qū)W習(xí)的原因，你就可以將這些信息與你的目的緊密聯(lián)系，并更好地記住它。閱讀并不是一項(xiàng)獨(dú)立的行為，期間至少兩個(gè)重要過(guò)程同時(shí)發(fā)生。在閱讀時(shí)，你能夠迅速而又準(zhǔn)確地理解內(nèi)容，同時(shí)在對(duì)所讀內(nèi)容予以反應(yīng)時(shí)也在表述自己的思想。你與作者進(jìn)行一種精神對(duì)話。如果你口頭表述你的想法的話，它們很可能是“是的，我同意，我的想法也是這樣。”或是“嗯……，我以為這項(xiàng)紀(jì)錄早就被打破了。我最好還是再查查日期?！被蚴恰暗沁€要考慮一些其他的事實(shí)！”你并不只是坐在那里理解內(nèi)容——你還在做其他的事情，而這些事情往往非常重要。對(duì)所閱讀的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行思考的附加過(guò)程包括評(píng)估這些內(nèi)容、將其與已知信息相聯(lián)系，并根據(jù)自身目的來(lái)進(jìn)行應(yīng)用。換句話說(shuō)，一位好讀者也是一位批判性的讀者。正如你所發(fā)現(xiàn)的，批判性閱讀的一部分就是區(qū)分事實(shí)與觀點(diǎn)。事實(shí)可以通過(guò)證據(jù)來(lái)確認(rèn)，而觀點(diǎn)只是個(gè)人反應(yīng)。批判性閱讀的還包括評(píng)判來(lái)源和進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確推理。Text 2 ①I(mǎi)f you live in a large city, you are quite familiar with some of the problems of noise, but because of some of its harmful effects, you may not be aware of the extent of its influence on human behavior.②Although everyone more or less knows what noise is, ., it is sounds that one would rather not hear, it is perhaps best to define it more precisely for scientific purposes.③One such definition is that noise is sounds that are unrelated to the task at hand.④Thus stimuli that at one time might be considered relevant will at another time be considered noise, depending on what one is doing at the moment.⑤In recent years there has been a great deal of interest in the effects of noise on human behavior, and concepts such as “noise pollution” have arisen, together with movements to reduce noise.①Exposure to loud noises can definitely produce a partial or plete loss of hearing, depending on the intensity, duration, and frequency position of the noise.②Many jobs present noise hazards, such as working in factories and around jet aircraft, driving farm tractors, and working(or sitting)in music halls where rock bands are playing.③In general, continuous exposure to sounds of over 80 decibels(a measure of the loudness of sound)can be considered dangerous.④Decibel values correspond to various sounds.⑤Sounds above about 85 decibels may, if exposure is for a sufficient period of time, produce significant hearing loss.⑥Actual loss will depend upon the particular frequencies to which one is exposed, and whether the sound is continuous or can have unexpected harmful effects on performance of certain kinds of tasks, for instance, if one is performing a watch keeping task that requires vigilance, in which he is responsible for detecting weak signals of some kind(., watching a radar screen for the appearance of aircraft).①Communicating with other people is unfavorably affected by noise.②If you have ridden in the rear of a jet transport, you may have noticed that it was difficult to carry on a conversation at first, and that, eventually, you adjusted the loudness of your speech to pensate for the effect.③The problem is 、詞匯1．extent ，程度2．a(chǎn)t hand在手邊3．stimulin（stimulus的復(fù)數(shù)形式）刺激 4．exposure n.(to sth)暴露（在…下）5．intensity ，強(qiáng)烈6．duration 7．frequency ,頻率8．hazard ,危害 9．decibel 10．measure 11．correspond to相應(yīng)于，符合于12．intermittent ，斷斷續(xù)續(xù)的 13．vigilance 14．detect ，發(fā)現(xiàn) 15．rear ,背后二、長(zhǎng)難句 stimuli that at one time might be considered relevant will at another time be considered noise, depending on what one is doing at the stimuli will be considered noise，主語(yǔ)stimuli后接有that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句做后置定語(yǔ)；謂語(yǔ)部分有介詞短語(yǔ)at another time做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。句末分詞depending on …做條件狀語(yǔ)。翻譯：因此，根據(jù)人們手頭的工作，某些