【正文】 are of等(1)This is the watch which/that I am looking for.(T)(2)This is the watch for which I am looking.(F)，關(guān)系代詞指人時(shí)用whom，不可用who或者that；指物時(shí)用which，不能用that；關(guān)系代詞是所有格時(shí)用whose(1)The man with whom you talked is my friend.(T)(2)The man with that you talked is my friend.(F)(3)The plane in which we flew to Canada is very fortable.(T)(4)The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very fortable.(F)3.“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代詞或者數(shù)詞(1)He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.(2)In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.(3)There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.（五）關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句，在定語從句中做時(shí)間狀語(1)I still remember the day when I first came to the school.(2)The time when we got together finally ，在定語從句中做地點(diǎn)狀語(1)Shanghai is the city where I was born.(2)The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled ，在定語從句中做原因狀語(1)Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.(2)I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy ：關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的從句可以由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的從句替換(1)The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear，(2)From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.(3)Great changes have taken place in the city in which./where I was born.（六）判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞方法一： 用關(guān)系代詞，還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞。不及物動(dòng)詞后面無賓語，就必須要求用關(guān)系副詞或者是介詞加關(guān)系代詞；而及物動(dòng)詞后接賓語，則要求用關(guān)系代詞。例如：This is the mountain village where I stayed last 39。ll never forget the days when I worked together with （注：先顯示題，再顯示答案，橫線；用不同的顏色表示出。）（錯(cuò)）This is the mountain village where I visited last year.（錯(cuò)）I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.（對(duì)）This is the mountain village(which)I visited last year.（對(duì)）I39。ll never forget the days(which)I spent in the where, when聯(lián)系在一起。此兩題錯(cuò)在關(guān)系詞的誤用上。方法二： 準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分(主、謂、賓、定、狀)，也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞。 this museum ___ you visited a few days ago? which one this the museum ____ the exhibition was held? which one答案：例1 D，例2 A例1變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?This museum is ___ you visited a few days ： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was ，所缺部分為賓語，而where, that, on which都不能起到賓語的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表語，又可做從句的賓語，可以省略關(guān)系代詞，所以應(yīng)選D。而句2中, 主、謂、賓俱全，從句部分為句子的狀語表地點(diǎn)，既可用副詞where，又因 in the museum詞組，可用介詞in + which 引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語。而此題中，介詞on 用的不對(duì)，所以選A。關(guān)系詞的選擇依據(jù)在從句中所做的成分，先行詞在從句中做主、定、賓語時(shí)，選擇關(guān)系代詞(who, whom, that, which, whose)；先行詞在從句中做狀語時(shí)，應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系副詞(where 地點(diǎn)狀語，when 時(shí)間狀語，why 原因狀語)。（七）介詞+關(guān)系詞1）介詞后面的關(guān)系詞不能省略。2）that前不能有介詞。3）某些在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)或原因狀語的”介詞+關(guān)系詞“結(jié)構(gòu)可以同關(guān)系副詞when ,where和why 互換。This is the house in which I lived two years is the house where I lived two years you remember the day on which you joined our club?Do you remember the day when you joined our club?This is the reason why he came is the reason for which he came late.（八）先行詞和關(guān)系詞二合一1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here.(Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.(what 可以用all that代替)（九）as,which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句由as, which 引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句，as和which可代整個(gè)主句，相當(dāng)于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。As we know, smoking is harmful to one39。s sun heats the earth, which is very important to 1）Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___came as a ，不能用 that修飾，而用which.，it 和he 都使后句成為句子，兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的句子不能單以逗號(hào)連接。況且選he句意不通。2）The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could 答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定語從句，而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定語從句，it不為連詞，使由逗號(hào)連接的兩個(gè)句子并在一起在英語語法上行不通。3）It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park.. 和which在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)，這兩個(gè)關(guān)系代詞都指主句所表達(dá)的整個(gè)意思，且在定語從句中都可以作主語和賓語。但不同之處主要有兩點(diǎn)：(1）as 引導(dǎo)的定語從句可置于句首，而which不可。(2）as 代表前面的整個(gè)主句并在從句中作主語時(shí)，從句中的謂語必須是系動(dòng)詞；若為行為動(dòng)詞，則從句中的關(guān)系代詞只能用which.。在本題中，prevent由于是行為動(dòng)詞，所以正確選項(xiàng)應(yīng)為B。As 的用法例 same… as；such…as 中的as 是一種固定結(jié)構(gòu), 和……一樣……。I have got into the same trouble as he(has).，常帶有39。正如39。As we know, smoking is harmful to one39。s is knew, smoking is harmful to one39。s 。例1中的as作know的賓語；例2中，它充當(dāng)從句的主語，謂語動(dòng)詞know要用被動(dòng)式。（十）關(guān)系代詞that 的用法(1)不用that的情況(a)在引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句時(shí)。(錯(cuò))The tree, that is four hundred years old, Is very famous here.(b)介詞后不能用。We depend on the land from which we get our depend on the land that/which we get our food from.(2)只能用that作為定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的情況(a)在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。(b)在不定代詞，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行詞時(shí)，只用that，不用which。(c)先行詞有the only, the very,the same,the last,just修飾時(shí)，只用that。(d)先行詞為序數(shù)詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)時(shí)，只用that。.(e)先行詞既有人，又有物時(shí)。(f)先行詞指物，在主句中作表語時(shí)．(g)為了避免重復(fù)．(h)先行詞是the way時(shí)舉例：Is this the book that you borrowed in the library?這是你在圖書館借的那本書嗎？Who that break the window should be punished．誰打碎了窗戶都要受到懲罰．All that is needed is a supply of 。Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the 。（十一）難點(diǎn)分析（一）限制性定語從句只能用that的幾種情況1．當(dāng)先行詞是anything, everything, nothing(something 除外), few, all, none, little, some等代詞時(shí)，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修飾時(shí)(1)Have you taken down everything that has said?(2)There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.(3)All that can be done has been done.(4)There is little that I can do for ：當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí)，偶爾也可以用who(4)Any man that/.who has a sense of duty won’t do such a (1)The first place that they visited in London was the Big (1)This is the best film that I have very, the only 修飾時(shí)(1)This is the very good dictionary that I want to buy，(2)After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he ，偶爾也可以用who(3)Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting？, which等疑問代詞時(shí)(1)Who is the man that is standing there?(2)Which is the Tshirt that fits me most?，也有動(dòng)物或者物體時(shí)(1)Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?（二）關(guān)系代詞as和which引導(dǎo)的定語從句as和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，有相同之處也有不同之處。具體情況是：1．As和which都可以在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，代表前面整個(gè)句子。(1)He married her, as/which was natural.(2)He was honest, as/which we can 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一個(gè)主句；which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如……，正像……”的意思(1)As is known to all, China is a develop