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e clear separation of business logic code from the presentation layer out, annual 2020, Craig McClanahan using the MVC design pattern developing Struts. Later, once 第 11 頁 共 11 頁 the framework product is considered the most extensive and most popular JAVA WEB application framework. Struts merge Scheme 2 year 2020, WebWork with these two excellent Java EE Web frameworks Struts (Groups Web Framework], decided to jointly develop a new, integrated WebWork and Struts advantages, and more elegant, more scalable The framework, named Struts 2, the original version of Struts product called Struts 1 At this point, Struts project in parallel to provide and maintain the framework of the two main versions of the product .. Struts 1 and Struts 2 Many developers Struts believe it is not mature, high cost applications with a little advice: The advantage of Struts is mainly reflected in two aspects:. Taglib and page navigation Taglib is Struts tag libraries, and flexible to use, can greatly improve development efficiency. Struts The name es from the old buildings and the use of aircraft in support of the metal frame. Its purpose is to reduce the use of MVC design model for Web application development time and you still need to learn and apply the framework, but it can plete some of the heavy work. Struts with Tomcat, Turbine and many other Apache projects, open source software, which is one of its major advantages, so that developers can more indepth understanding of their internal implementation mechanism. Hibernate open source framework introduced Hibernate is an objectrelational mapping solutions under the Java language. It is using the GNU General Public free, open source software licenses issued public. It is an objectoriented domain model to a traditional relational database mapping, provides a framework for ease of use. Its design goal is an overview of the software developers a lot of the same data persistence related programming from freed. Whether it is from the draft design or start from a legacy database, developers can employ Hibernate. Hibernate not only responsible for the mapping from Java classes to database tables (also including from Java data types to SQL data types), but also provides an objectoriented data query retrieval mechanism, thereby significantly reducing manual processing SQL and JDBC on development time. . HibernateHibernate NET on there on. NET Framework implementation version, called NHibernate, published before the Entity Framework, NHibernate is. ORM is often used on NET Framework implementation. 第 12 頁 共 11 頁 Hibernate architecture has three main parts: A connection management: the effective management of the database connection management services Hibernate connection. Database connection is to interact with the database, because it requires a lot of resources and opening and closing the most expensive part of the database connection. Transaction Management: Transaction management services provided to users to simultaneously run multiple database reports. objectrelational mapping: Objectrelational mapping is a technique for the relational data model mapping model from the data object. This section is used to hibernate select, insert, update, and delete records form the basis of the table. When we pass an object to () method, Hibernate reads the state variables of the object, and perform the necessary inquiries. Hibernate is a good tool for objectrelational mapping possible concern, but in connection management and transaction management, it lacks in performance and capacity. So usually hibernate with other connection management and transaction management tools being used. For example the Apache DBCP was used with Hibernate connection pool. Hibernate provides flexibility in use. It is called light architecture, we use only part of the objectrelational mapping. In all three ponent object relations prehensive solution architecture mapping, connection management and transaction management) are used. 淺談 JAVA 和 JSP 技術(shù)以及三大框架 Duke, Java 語言的吉祥物語言最開始只是太陽微系統(tǒng)( Sun Micro Systems)公司在 1991 年 7 月開始研究的一個內(nèi)部項目。太陽微系統(tǒng)公司的一個叫做帕特里克 諾頓的工程師被公司自己開發(fā)的 C++和 C語言編譯器搞得焦頭爛額,因為其中的 API 極其難用。帕特里克決定改用 NeXT,同時他也獲得了研究公司的一個叫做 “Steal th計劃 ” 的項目的機會。 “Stealth 計劃 ” 后來改名為 “Green 計劃 ” ,詹姆斯 高斯林和麥克 舍林丹也加入了帕特里克的工作小組。他們和其他幾個工程師一起在加利福尼亞州門羅帕 第 13 頁 共 11 頁 克市沙丘路的一個小工作室里面研究開發(fā)新技術(shù),瞄準下一代智能家電(如微波爐)的程序設(shè)計,太陽公司預(yù)料未來科技將在家用電器領(lǐng)域大顯身手。團隊最初考慮使用 C++語言,但是很多成員包括太陽的首席科學家比爾喬伊,發(fā)現(xiàn) C++和可用的 API 在某些方面存在很大問題。工作小組使用的是內(nèi)嵌類型平臺,可以用的資源極其有限。很多成員發(fā)現(xiàn) C++太復(fù)雜以至很多開 發(fā)者經(jīng)常錯誤使用。他們發(fā)現(xiàn) C++缺少垃圾回收系統(tǒng),還有可移植的安全性、分布程序設(shè)計、和多運行續(xù)功能。最后,他們想要一種易于移植到各種設(shè)備上的平臺。 根據(jù)可用的資金,比爾﹒喬伊決定開發(fā)一種集 C 語言和 Mesa 語言大成的新語言,在一份報告上,喬伊把它叫做 “ 未來 ” ,他提議太陽公司的工程師應(yīng)該在 C++的基礎(chǔ)上,開發(fā)一種面向?qū)ο蟮沫h(huán)境。最初,高斯林試圖修改和擴展 C++的功能,他自己稱這種新語言為 C++ ++ ,但是后來他放棄了。他將要創(chuàng)造出一種全新的語言,被他命名為“Oak” (橡樹),以他的辦公室外的橡樹命名。就像 很多開發(fā)新技術(shù)的秘密工程一樣,工作小組沒日沒夜地工作到了 1992 年的夏天,他們能夠演示新平臺的一部分了,包括Green 操作系統(tǒng), Oak 的程序設(shè)計語言,類庫及其硬件。最初的嘗試是面向 PDA 設(shè)備,被命名為 Star7,這種設(shè)備有鮮艷的圖形界面和被稱為 “Duke” 的智能代理來幫助用戶。1992 年 12 月 3 日,這臺設(shè)備進行了展示。同年 11 月, Green 計劃被轉(zhuǎn)化成了 “First Person 有限公司 ” ,一個太陽公司的全資子公司,團隊也被重新安排到了帕洛阿爾托。First Person 團隊對建造一種高度交互的設(shè)備感興趣, 當 時 時代華納發(fā)布了一個關(guān)于電視機頂盒的征求提議書時( Request for proposal), First Person 改變了他們的目標,作為對征求意見書的響應(yīng), 提出了一個機頂盒平臺的提議。但是有線電視業(yè)界覺得First Person 的平臺給予用戶過多的控制權(quán),因此 First Person 的投標敗給了 SGI。與 3DO 公司的另外一筆關(guān)于機頂盒的交易也沒有成功,由于他們的平臺不能在電視工業(yè)產(chǎn)生任何效益,公司被并回太陽公司。 Java 和互聯(lián)網(wǎng) 1994 年 6 月、 7月間,在經(jīng)歷了一場歷時三天的腦力激蕩的討論后,約翰 蓋吉、詹姆斯 高斯林、比爾 喬伊、帕特里克 諾頓、韋恩 羅斯因和埃里克 斯庫米,團隊決定再一次改變了努力的目標,這次他們決定將該技術(shù)應(yīng)用于萬維網(wǎng)。他們認為隨著 Mosaic 瀏覽器的到來,因特網(wǎng)正在向同樣的高度互動的遠景演變,而這一遠景正是他們在有線電視網(wǎng)中看到的。作為原型,帕特里克 諾頓寫了一個小型萬維網(wǎng)瀏覽器, Web Runner,后來改名為 Hot Java。 Java 和 “Java” 由于商標搜索顯示, 第 14 頁 共 11 頁 Oak已被一家顯卡制造商注冊。于是同年, Oak 被改名為 Java。當使用十六進制編輯器打開由 Java 源代碼編譯出 的二進制文件( .class 文件)的話,最前面的 32 位將顯示為CA FE BA BE,即詞組 “CAFE BABE” (咖啡屋寶貝)。 [編輯 ] Java 和瀏覽器 1994 年 10月, Hot Java 和 Java 平臺為公司高層進行演示。 1994 年, J