【正文】 uralization” techniques to beautify corporate grounds, and the use of anic foodstuffs and support for local or national conservation programs. As far as energy conservation is concerned, acmodations can use exhaust heat from its absorption chiller to heat the swimming pool, etc. Another important sustainable practice is social practices because sustainability can be applied not only in the natural environment but also in other aspects. Many measures can be taken such as donation to local charities, establishment of scholarships and munity improvement schemes, managerial positions of tourism sectors that give priority to local residents, designs that take into consideration the harmonious coexistence of architecture and local styles, and policies that give special consideration to local suppliers of goods. 旅游知識(shí)測試 正誤判斷：請?jiān)谡_的選題上劃 √，錯(cuò)誤的選題上劃 。 1. 旅游可持續(xù)發(fā)展系統(tǒng)由旅游經(jīng)濟(jì)系統(tǒng)、旅游生態(tài)系統(tǒng)、旅游社會(huì)文化系統(tǒng)、旅游支持保障系統(tǒng)等具有不同屬性的子系統(tǒng)構(gòu)成，是旅游經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)文化、資源環(huán)境等因素耦合而成的復(fù)雜系統(tǒng)。 2. 由于旅游產(chǎn)業(yè)具有明確的經(jīng)濟(jì)屬性，而實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)福利或?qū)嶋H純收入的最大化是所有經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)的最高目標(biāo)，因此旅游可持續(xù)發(fā)展的中心原則是經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的持續(xù)性。 3. “可持續(xù)發(fā)展”的核心詞是“發(fā)展”，而“發(fā)展”必須建立在環(huán)境、經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)三者和諧統(tǒng)一的基礎(chǔ)上，只有這樣的發(fā)展觀才是可持續(xù)的發(fā)展觀，這與科學(xué)發(fā)展觀的核心要旨是高度統(tǒng)一的。 4. 旅游發(fā)展要切實(shí)滿足地方現(xiàn)實(shí)的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展需要，為旅游者提供高質(zhì)量的旅游體驗(yàn)，因此地方政府和旅游企業(yè)是旅游可持續(xù)發(fā)展的主體，旅游者不是旅游可持續(xù)發(fā)展的主要責(zé)任人。 5. 道德倫理原則是可持續(xù)發(fā)展的重大問題，其中基于對人類自然的道德關(guān)懷的環(huán)境倫理觀和基于生物多樣性的公平性是其核心內(nèi)容之一。道德觀念應(yīng)成為人與自然和諧的指導(dǎo)原則。 Part IV Reading Box 第四部分 閱讀與分析 New Tourism Topic discussion (參見國家雙語示范課程 《 旅游學(xué)概論 》 網(wǎng)站：“網(wǎng)絡(luò)課堂 ) 1. What is alternative tourism? The alternative tourism was thought of as substitute for mass tourism rather than other types of tourism. Contrary to mass tourism, alternative tourism is usually of small scale and “good”. We can find that attractions of mass tourism are regarded as being artificial and unnatural while attractions of alternative tourism are authentic。 and that mass tourism tends to be controlled by outside forces which may result in high revenue leakage while alternative tourism encourages local control and close connections with local businesses. In essence, tourism activities or development that are viewed as nontraditional. It is often defined in opposition to largescale mass tourism to represent smallscale sustainable tourism developments. Alternative tourism is also presented as an ?ideal type39。, that is, an improved model of tourism development that redresses the ills of traditional, mass tourism. 2. How can alternative tourism help to promote the development of sustainable tourism? The development of sustainable tourism focuses on smallscale tourism projects and destinations. Smallscale tourism such as alternative tourism is more likely to bring positive environmental, economic and sociocultural impacts within a destination. For example, we can find that attractions of alternative tourism are authentic and that it encourages local control and close connections with local businesses. Moreover, a DAT destination can better maintain a sustainable, low intensity tourism option under the guidance and control of specific policies. 3. What are the differences between mass tourism and alternative tourism in terms of food, transport and acmodation? 4. What are CAT and DAT? Which do you prefer? Circumstantial alternative tourism (CAT) and deliberate alternative tourism (DAT) are two types of alternative tourism. I prefer DAT, because a CAT destination is possible to go astray and develop along an unsustainable path, while a DAT destination can better a sustainable, low intensity tourism option under the guidance and control of specific policies. 5. What is the significance of sociocultural alternative tourism? Can you give us some examples of sociocultural DAT products? Sociocultural alternative tourism provides tourists with an opportunity to experience an authentic tourism and to stay with families in the destination’s highdensity public housing estates. The following are some distinct ones: Cultural villages – Tourism for Discovery (Senegal)。 Homestays – Meet the people (Jamaica), Home Visit System (Japan), Friendship Force。 Feminist travel – Woodswomen, Womantrek (both in the United States)。 Indigenous tourism – Wanuskewin (Saskatchewan, Canada), Tjapukai Aboriginal Cultural Park (Cairns, Australia)。 Older adult tourism – Elderhostel (global)。 Vacation farms。 Social awareness travel – Center for Global Education, Global Exchange, Plowshares Institute (both in the United States)。 Young hostels。 Personal awareness tourism – ESALEN Institute (California) Religious tourism – monastery retreats。 Educational tourism The Humanities Institute (United States)。 Volunteer activity – Habitat for Humanity, Global Volunteers (both in the United States)。 謝謝觀看 /歡迎下載 BY FAITH I MEAN A VISION OF GOOD ONE CHERISHES AND THE ENTHUSIASM THAT PUSHES ONE TO SEEK ITS FULFILLMENT REGARDLESS OF OBSTACLES. BY FAITH I BY FAITH