【正文】 than necessary, and they tend to have more procedures performed than are medically necessary.In the city official’s argument, the two boldface portions play which of the following roles?A. The first states the conclusion of the city official’s argument。 the second provides support for that conclusion.B. The first is used to support the conclusion of the city official’s argument。 the second states that conclusion.C. The first was used to support the conclusion drawn by hospital critics。 the second states the position that the city official’s argument opposes.D. The first was used to support the conclusion drawn by hospital critics。 the second provides support for the conclusion of the city official’s argument.E. The first states the position that the city official’s argument opposes。 the second states the conclusion of the city official’s argument. GWD1Q23:Past assessments of the Brazilian rain forest have used satellite images to tally deforested areas, where farmers and ranchers have clearcut and burned all the trees, but such work has not addressed either logging, which is the removal of only selected trees, as well as surface fires, burning down individual trees but do not denude the forest.A. which is the removal of only selected trees, as well as surface fires, burningB. which removes only selected trees, or surface fires that burnC. which removes only selected trees, along with surface fires that burnD. removing only selected trees, or surface fires, burningE. removing only selected trees, as well as surface fires that burn GWD1Q24:By sucking sap from the young twigs of the hemlock tree, tree growth is retarded by the woolly adelgid, causing needles to change color from deep green to grayish green and to drop prematurely.A. tree growth is retarded by the woolly adelgid, causing needles to change color from deep green to grayish green and to dropB. tree growth is retarded by the woolly adelgid, and this causes the color of needles to change from deep green to grayish green, and their droppingC. the woolly adelgid retards tree growth, which causes needles to change color from deep green to grayish green, and droppingD. the woolly adelgid retards tree growth, causing needles to change color from deep green to grayish green and to dropE. the woolly adelgid retards tree growth, and this causes the color of needles to change from deep green to grayish green, and the their dropping GWD1Q25 to Q28: Recently biologists have been interested in a tideassociated periodic behavior displayed by the diatom Hantzschia virgata, a microscopic goldenbrown alga that inhabits that portion of a shoreline washed by tides (the intertidal zone). Diatoms of this species, sometimes called “muter” diatoms, remain burrowed in the sand during high tide, and emerge on the sand surface during the daytime low tide. Just before the sand is inundated by the rising tide, the diatoms burrow again. Some scientists hypothesize that muter diatoms know that it is low tide because they sense an environmental change, such as an alteration in temperature or a change in pressure caused by tidal movement. However, when diatoms are observed under constant conditions in a laboratory, they still display periodic behavior, continuing to burrow on schedule for several weeks. This indicates that muter diatoms, rather than relying on environmental cues to keep time, possess an internal pacemaker or biological clock that enables them to anticipate periodic changes in the environment. A muter diatom has an unusually accurate biological clock, a consequence of the unrelenting environmental pressures to which it is subjected。 any diatoms that do not burrow before the tide arrives are washed away. This is not to suggest that the period of this biological clock is immutably fixed. Biologists have concluded that even though a diatom does not rely on the environment to keep time, environmental factors—including changes in the tide’s hydrostatic pressure, salinity, mechanical agitation, and temperature—can alter the period of its biological clock according to changes in the tidal cycle. In short, the relation between an organism’s biological clock and its environment is similar to that between a wristwatch and its owner: the owner cannot make the watch run faster or slower, but can reset the hands. However, this relation is plicated in intertidal dwellers such as muter diatoms by the fact that these organisms are exposed to the solarday cycle as well as to the tidal cycle, and sometimes display both solarday and tidal periods in a single behavior. Commuter diatoms, for example, emerge only during those low tides that occur during the day.GWD1Q25:The passage suggests which of the following about the accuracy of the muter diatom’s biological clock?A. The accuracy of the muter diatom’s biological clock varies according to changes in the tidal cycle.B. The unusual accuracy that characterizes the muter diatom’s biological clock is rare among intertidal species.C. The muter diatom’s biological clock is likely to be more accurate than the biological clock of a species that is subject to less intense environmental pressures.D. The muter diatom’s biological clock tends to be more accurate than the biological clocks of most other species because of the consistency of the tidal cycle.E. The accuracy of the muter diatom’s biological clock tends to fluctuate when the diatom is observed under variable laboratory conditions.