【正文】 d kidneys enabling them to drink salt water. Although fossil evidence shows that some early whale species that lacked such kidneys sometimes swam in the Earth’s saltwater oceans, these species must have had to return frequently to freshwater rivers to drink.Which of the following is most strongly supported by the information given?A. Fossils of whale species dating from between sixty million and fifty million years ago will not be found on continents that were at the time separated from ancient Asia by wide expanses of ocean.B. Among whale fossils that date from later than about fifty million years ago, none are fossils of whale species that drank only fresh water.C. Fossils of whale species that drank fresh water will not be found in close proximity to fossils of whale species that drank salt water.D. The earliest whales that drank salt water differed from freshwaterdrinking whales only in their possession of specialized kidneys.E. Between sixty million and fifty million years ago, the freshwater lakes and rivers in which whales originated were gradually invaded by salt water.GWD27Q 23 to Q 26:When the history of women began to receive focused attention in the 1970’, Eleanor Roosevelt was one of a handful of female Americans who were well known to both historians and the general public. Despite the evidence that she had been important in socialreform circles before her husband was elected President and that she continued to advocate different causes than he did, she held a place in the public imagination largely because she was the wife of a particularly influential President. Her own activities were seen as preparing the way for her husband’s election or as a plement to his programs. Even Joseph Lash’s two volumes of sympathetic biography, Eleanor and Franklin (1971) and Eleanor: The Years Alone (1972), reflected this assumption.Lash’s biography revealed a plicated woman who sought through political activity both to flee inner misery and to promote causes in which she passionately believed. However, she still appeared to be an idiosyncratic figure, somehow selfgenerated not amenable to any generalized explanation. She emerged from the biography as a mother to the entire nation, or as a busybody, but hardly as a social type, a figure prehensible in terms of broader social developments.But more recent work on the feminism of the postsuffrage years (following 1920) allows us to see Roosevelt in a different light and to bring her life into a more richly detailed context. Lois Scharf’s Eleanor Roosevelt, written in 1987, depicts a generation of privileged women, born in the late nineteenth century and maturing in the twentieth, who made the transition from old patterns of female association to new ones. Their views and their lives were full of contradictions. They maintained female social networks but began to integrate women into mainstream politics。 they demanded equal treatment but also argued that women’s maternal responsibilities made them both wards and representatives of the public interest. Thanks to Scharf and others, Roosevelt’s activities—for example, her support both for labor laws protecting women and for appointments of women to high public office—have bee intelligible in terms of this social context rather than as the idiosyncratic career of a famous man’s wife. Q 23: The passage as a whole is primarily concerned with which of the following?A. Changes in the way in which Eleanor Roosevelt’s life is understoodB. Social changes that made possible the role played by Eleanor Roosevelt in social reformC. Changes in the ways in which historians have viewed the lives of American womenD. Social changes that resulted from the activities of Eleanor RooseveltE. Changes in the social roles that American women have playedQ 24: The author indicates that, according to Scharf’s biography, which of the following was NOT characteristic of feminists of Eleanor Roosevelt’s generation?A. Their lives were full of contradictionsB. Their policies identified them as idiosyncratic.C. They were from privileged backgrounds.D. They held that women had unique responsibilities.E. They made a transition from old patterns of a association to new ones.Q 25: Which of the following studies would proceed in a way most similar to the way in which, according to the passage. Scharf’s book interprets Eleanor Roosevelt’s career?A. An exploration of the activities of a wealthy social reformer in terms of the ideals held by the reformerB. A history of the leaders of a political party which explained how the conflicting aims of its individual leaders thwarted and diverted the activities of each leaderC. An account of the legislative career of a conservative senator which showed his goals to have been derived from a national conservative movement of which the senator was a partD. A biography of a famous athlete which explained her high level of motivation in terms of the kind of family in which she grew upE. A history of the individuals who led the movement to end slavery in the United States which attributed the movement’s success to the efforts of those exceptional individualsQ 26: The author cites which of the following as evidence against the public view of Eleanor Roosevelt held in the 1970’s?A. She had been born into a wealthy family.B. Her political career predated the adoption of women’s suffrage.C. She continued her career in politics even after her husband’s death.D. She was one of a few female historical figures who were well known to historians