【導(dǎo)讀】隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的迅速發(fā)展，用電量日益增加，為電網(wǎng)的穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行帶來了諸多不良因素。國家采取多費(fèi)率用電政策，以消峰填谷，平衡用電。復(fù)費(fèi)率電度表已經(jīng)大規(guī)模取代了單一費(fèi)率電度表。隨著單片機(jī)技術(shù)的日益發(fā)展，以單片機(jī)為主控芯片的數(shù)字電度表的生產(chǎn)已成規(guī)模。但是價(jià)格低廉、運(yùn)行穩(wěn)定、可靠性高、抗干擾能力強(qiáng)的數(shù)字電度表還有待開發(fā)。本設(shè)計(jì)是基于單片機(jī)STC89C52RC的單相電度表設(shè)計(jì)，能實(shí)現(xiàn)家庭用電計(jì)費(fèi)，并能完成分時(shí)計(jì)費(fèi)功能，本設(shè)計(jì)還有數(shù)字鐘的功能，能夠顯示時(shí)間，還配有三個(gè)按鍵能夠?qū)r(shí)間進(jìn)行調(diào)整。把采集的數(shù)據(jù)通過ADC0832把數(shù)據(jù)送給單片機(jī)，電源模塊為整個(gè)智能電表提供了穩(wěn)定的電源，LCD1602模塊為用戶提供了清晰，實(shí)時(shí)的電量信息。軟件分為啟動(dòng)前的動(dòng)態(tài)自檢程序，計(jì)量電量的電能脈沖采集程序，數(shù)據(jù)信息處理和交換的數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)程序，通訊中斷子程序。在單片機(jī)的核心控制下，實(shí)現(xiàn)了數(shù)字電度表電能分時(shí)段計(jì)量、數(shù)據(jù)通信等功能。

　　

【正文】 數(shù)字電度表的設(shè)計(jì)，本電度表能夠?qū)彝ビ秒娺M(jìn)行計(jì)費(fèi)，也解決了錯(cuò)峰分段計(jì)費(fèi)問題，以及體現(xiàn)出節(jié)約用電的思想。本電度表首先通過電流和電壓數(shù)據(jù)采集電路把電流和電壓數(shù)據(jù)送到雙通道ADC0832進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)換，然后通過編寫的電能算法程序在單片機(jī)內(nèi)部進(jìn)行電能計(jì)算，最后再把計(jì)算的數(shù)據(jù)顯示在LCD1602上。為了解決錯(cuò)峰分段計(jì)費(fèi)問題本設(shè)計(jì)還編寫電子鐘程序，這就使電度表能在相應(yīng)的時(shí)間進(jìn)行相應(yīng)計(jì)費(fèi)。本設(shè)計(jì)還連接了三個(gè)按鍵，便于對(duì)電度表的調(diào)時(shí)。 通過本設(shè)計(jì)使我學(xué)會(huì)了ADC0832和LCD1602的使用，并對(duì)電流和電壓的數(shù)據(jù)采集電路有了一定的了解，對(duì)C語言有了更進(jìn)一步的了解，但由于資金的限制本設(shè)計(jì)還有很多不足，比如本設(shè)計(jì)沒有使用專業(yè)的電流和電壓數(shù)據(jù)采集模塊，也沒有用內(nèi)部集成電能算法的AD芯片，這就使本設(shè)計(jì)的設(shè)計(jì)精度受到了影響，這些問題還需要再以后的學(xué)習(xí)和工作中得到完善和解決。本設(shè)計(jì)的研究雖然取得了初步的成功，但是對(duì)于整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的完善以及投入實(shí)際的應(yīng)用還有很多工作要做。對(duì)于今后在本課題基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的研究和開發(fā)可以歸納為以下幾點(diǎn)：1. 完善硬件功能，對(duì)于硬件的信號(hào)調(diào)理電路以及功能擴(kuò)展電路進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)與完善。2. 完成其他功能模塊的驅(qū)動(dòng)程序設(shè)計(jì)。3. 提高系統(tǒng)的可靠性和抗干擾能力設(shè)計(jì)。本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)論文參考文獻(xiàn)[1] 唐介．電工學(xué)．2版．北京：高等教育出版社，2007年．2530[2] 李建斌，張順．全電子式預(yù)付費(fèi)磁卡電度表的應(yīng)用及其效益分析[J]．科技情報(bào)開發(fā)與經(jīng)濟(jì)，2003，13(5)：189190[3] 羅恂，丁慶生．基于RFID的預(yù)付費(fèi)電度表的研制[J]．單片機(jī)與嵌入式系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用，2006(9)：7173[4] 吳安嵐．電能計(jì)量基礎(chǔ)及新技術(shù)．北京：中國水利水電出版社，2004[5] 洪志良，王曉悅，李天望．過采樣Σ一△A/D轉(zhuǎn)換器．微電子學(xué)，1998，28(8)：265271[6] 程佩青．?dāng)?shù)字信號(hào)處理教程．北京：清華大學(xué)出版社，2001[7] 夏繼強(qiáng)．單片機(jī)實(shí)驗(yàn)與實(shí)踐教程．北京：京航空航天大學(xué)出版社，2001年． 2528[8] 余錫存．單片機(jī)原理及接口技術(shù)．西安：西安電子科技大學(xué)出版社，2000年：3545[9] 南建輝．MCS51單片機(jī)原理及應(yīng)用實(shí)例．北京：清華大學(xué)出版社，2003年：3045 [10] 孫安青．AT89S51單片機(jī)實(shí)驗(yàn)及實(shí)踐教程．51大蝦網(wǎng)．2005年．[11] 晏劍輝．基于AT89C51單片機(jī)的智能儀表設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)現(xiàn)．瀘州：瀘州職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院出版社，2008年．3539[12] 杜洋．A/D轉(zhuǎn)換芯片ADC0832的應(yīng)用．中國知網(wǎng)．2005年．[13] 李常波．電子電度表電源設(shè)計(jì)．電源技術(shù)應(yīng)用，2003，(3)：1518[14] 徐瑋．1602字符型液晶顯示篇．．[15] 譚浩強(qiáng)．C程序設(shè)計(jì)．3版．北京：清華大學(xué)出版社，2005年：2028[16] Li Xinfu，Liu Jiaomin and Cui Yulong．A wavelet approach for rms and harmonics measurements．IEEE Proc Robotic Intelligent Systems Signal Processing，2003，2(10)：12301234 [17]Vento, of Labview in Higher Education in Education Conference, 2225 Page(s):444–447.致　謝彈指一揮間，四年充實(shí)的大學(xué)生活即將畫上句號(hào)。在此我要深深感謝所有曾給予我關(guān)心和支持的老師和同學(xué)們。畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)是大學(xué)生活最重要的一部分，在做畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的這段日子里，大家共同研究、討論，攻克難關(guān)，同時(shí)又參閱了大量國內(nèi)外專家、學(xué)者的著作，使我了解更多的知識(shí)，學(xué)到了很多東西。當(dāng)然，限于學(xué)生的水平，設(shè)計(jì)中難免有不足和疏漏之處，歡迎老師們批評(píng)指正。最后，衷心感謝尊敬的老師們?cè)诎倜χ谐槌鰰r(shí)間評(píng)審我的論文。53附 錄 1單相數(shù)字電度表硬件原理圖附 錄 2 單相數(shù)字電度表PCB制板圖附 錄 3PCB3D視圖外文資料翻譯DescriptionThe single slice machine is also called tiny controller, is because it was used in the industry to control realm at the earliest stage. Single slice machine from inside chip have CPU appropriation processor to develop only since then. At the earliest stage of design the principle is to pass to integrate a great deal of peripherals and CPU in a chip, making calculator system smaller, integrating more easily into plicated of but to mention to request a strict control equipments in the middle. The INTEL Z80 is the processor which designed according to this kind of thought at the earliest stage, from now on, single slice the development of the machine and appropriation processor went by different roads then.The single slice of the earlier period all of machines are 8 or them, the INTEL is most successful of 8031, because of in brief dependable but the function was quite good to acquire very big good opinion. Henceforth at 8031 up developed MCS51 series a single slice machine system. According to the single slice of this system machine system is still in the extensive usage till now. Because the industry controls the exaltation of[with] realm request, starting appearing 16 single slice machine, but because sex price wanted to don39。t get a very extensive application than the disregard. Develop greatly along with the consumption electronics product after 9039。s, the single slice machine technique got a huge exaltation. Along with the extensive application of INTEL i 960 series especially later ARM series, the 32 single slice machine replaces 16 single slice the high level position of the machine quickly, and gets into an essential market. And traditional of 8 single slice the function of the machine also got to fly to raise soon, handling an ability to pare with to raise few a hundredfold in 8039。, 32 single slice of the high level with main machine already over 300 MHzs, the function keeps appropriation processor of making track for the mid 9039。s, and the mon model number factory price drop into to USD 1, tallest carry of model number also only USD contemporary and single slice machine system has already no longer developed and used just under the naked machine environment, the in great quantities appropriative builtin operate system is applied extensively in the whole serieseses of the single slice is on board. But be the high level of handheld PC and cellular phone core processing single slice the machine even can use appropriative Windows and the Linux operate system directly.Single slice the machine ratio appropriation processor is the most suitable to match to apply in the builtin system, so it got the most applications. In fact the single slice machine is an amount the most calculators are in the world. The modern mankind are living medium use of assemble in almost each electronics and machine product have a single slice machine. All have 12 single slice machine in the puter accessories such as cellular phone, telephone, calculator, home appliances, electronics toy, handheld PC and mouse etc. And personal puter in would also capable number not a few single slice the machine be working. Provide with more than 40 departments a single slice machine generally on the car, plicated industry39。s controlling the top of the system even may has single several hundred pedestals slices machine to work in the meantime! Single slice the amount of the machine not only far above the PC machine and other calculations of prehensive, even than the mankind39。s amount still want have another.The AT89C52 is a lowpower, highperformance CMOS 8bit microputer with 8K bytes of Flash programmable and erasable read only memory (PEROM). The device is manufactured using Atmel’s highdensity nonvolatile memory technology and is patible with the industrystandard MCS51 instruction set and pin out. The onchip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed insystem or by a conventional nonvolatile memory programmer. By bining a versatile 8bit CPU with Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89C52 is a powerful microputer which provides a highlyflexible and costeffective solution to many embedded control applications.Function characteristicThe AT89C52 provides th