【正文】 human voice in their earliest stages of language development (D) The response of babies to sounds other than the human voice 11. Why does the author mention a bell and a rattle in lines 45 ? (A) To contrast the reactions of babies to human and nonhuman sounds (B) To give examples of sounds that will cause a baby to cry (C) To explain how babies distinguish between different nonhuman sounds (D) To give examples of typical toys that babies do not like 12. Why does the author mention syllables pronounced with rising and falling inflections in lines 78 ? (A) To demonstrate how difficult it is for babies to interpret emotions (B) To illustrate that a sixweekold baby can already distinguish some language differences (C) To provide an example of ways adults speak to babies (D) To give a reason for babies39。 difficulty in distinguishing one adult from another 13. The word diverse in line 14 is closest in meaning to (A) surrounding (B) divided (C) different (D) stimulating 14.. The wordnoted in line 17 is closest in meaning to (A) theorized (B) requested (C) disagreed (D) observed 15. The word They in line 18 refers to (A) mothers (B) investigators (C) babies (D) words 16. The passage mentions all of the following as ways adults modify their speech when talking to babies EXCEPT (A) giving all words equal emphasis (B) speaking with shorter sentences (C) speaking more loudly than normal (D) using meaningless sounds 17. The word emphasize in line 19 is closest in meaning to (A) stress (B) repeat (C) explain (D) leave out 18. Which of the following can be inferred about the findings described in paragraph 2 ? (A) Babies who are exposed to more than one language can speak earlier than babies exposed to a single language. (B) Mothers from different cultures speak to their babies in similar ways. (C) Babies ignore facial expressions in prehending aural language. (D) The mothers observed by the researchers were consciously teaching their babies to speak. 19. What point does the author make to illustrate that babies are born with the ability to acquire language? (A) Babies begin to understand words in songs. (B) Babies exaggerate their own sounds and expressions. (C) Babies are more sensitive to sounds than are adults. (D) Babies notice even minor differences between speech sounds. 20. According to the author, why do babies listen to songs and stories, even though they cannot understand them? (A) They understand the rhythm. (B) They enjoy the sound. (C) They can remember them easily. (D) They focus on the meaning of their parents39。 words. Questions 2129 Under the Earth39。s topsoil, at various levels, sometimes under a layer of rock, there are deposits of clay. Look at cuts where highways have been built to see exposed clay beds。 or look at a construction site, where pockets of clay may be exposed. Rivers also reveal clay Line along their banks, and erosion on a hillside may make clay easily accessible. (5) What is clay made of? The Earth39。s surface is basically rock, and it is this rock that gradually deposes into clay. Rain, streams, alternating freezing and thawing, roots of trees and plants forcing their way into cracks, earthquakes, volcanic action, and glaciersall of these forces slowly break down the Earth39。s exposed rocky crust into smaller and smaller pieces that eventually bee clay. (10) Rocks are posed of elements and pounds of elements. Feldspar, which is the most abundant mineral on the Earth39。s surface, is basically made up of the oxides silica and alumina bined with alkalies like potassium and some socalled impurities such as iron. Feldspar is an essential ponent of granite rocks, and as such it is the basis of clay. When it is wet, clay can be easily shaped to make a variety of useful objects, which can (15) then be fired to varying degrees of hardness and covered with impermeable decorative coatings of glasslike material called glaze. Just as volcanic action, with its intense heat, fuses the elements in certain rocks into a glasslike rock called obsidian, so can we apply heat to earthen materials and change them into a hard, dense material. Different clays need different heat levels to fuse, and some, the lowfire clays, never bee nonporous and (20) watertight like highly fired stoneware. Each clay can stand only a certain amount of heat without losing its shape through sagging or melting. Variations of clay position and the temperatures at which they are fired account for the differences in texture and appearance between a china teacup and an earthenware flowerpot. 21. The author39。s main point in paragraph 1 is that clay deposits (A) conceal layers of rock (B) can be found in various places (C) are usually small (D) must be removed from construction sites 22. It can be inferred from the passage that clay is LEAST likely to be plentiful in which of the following areas? (A) In desert sand dunes (B) In forests (C) On hillsides (D) Near rivers 23. The word accessible in line 4 is closest in meaning to (A) buried (B) improved (C) available (D) workable 24. According to the passage, rock breaks down into clay under all of the following conditions EXCEPT when (A) it is exposed to freezing and thawing (B) roots of trees force their way into cracks (C) it is bined with alkalies (D) natural forces wear away the Earth39。s crust 25. Why does the author mention feldspar in line 10? (A) It is often used as a substitute for clay. (B) It is damaged by the oxides in clay. (C) Its presence indicates inferior clay. (D) It is a major ponent of clay. 26. The word it in line 13 refers to (A) iron (B) feldspar (C) granite (D) clay 27. Based on the information in the passage, it can be inferred that lowfire clays are MOST appropriate for making objects that (A) must