【正文】 hich monitor the values of variables as the execution progresses). Breakpoints can be conditional, meaning they get triggered when the condition is met. Code can be stepped over, ., run one line (of source code) at a time. It can eitherstep intofunctions to debug inside it, orstep overit, ., the execution of the function body isn39。t available for manual inspection. The debugger supportsEdit and Continue, ., it allows code to be edited as it is being debugging, if the mouse pointer hovers over any variable, its current value is displayed in a tooltip (data tooltips), where it can also be modified if desired. During coding, the Visual Studio debugger lets certain functions be invoked manually from theImmediatetool window. The parameters to the method are supplied at the Immediate window.4 DesignerVisual Studio includes a host of visual designers to aid in the development of applications. These tools include: Windows Forms DesignerThe Windows Forms designer is used to buildGUIapplications usingWindows Forms. It includes a palette of UIwidgetsand controls (including buttons, progress bars, labels, layout containers and other controls) that can be dragged and dropped on a form surface. Layout can be controlled by housing the controls inside other containers or locking them to the side of the form. Controls that display data (like textbox, list box, grid view, etc.) can beboundto data sources likedatabasesorqueries. The UI is linked with code using aneventdriven programmingmodel. The designer generates eitherCcode for the application. WPF DesignerThe WPF designer, codenamedCider,was introduced with Visual Studio 2008. Like the Windows Forms designer it supports the drag and drop metaphor. It is used to authoruser interfacestargetingWindows Presentation Foundation. It supports all WPF functionality includingdata bindingand automatic layout management. It generatesXAMLcode for the UI. The generatedXAMLfile is patible withMicrosoft Expression Design, the designeroriented product. The XAML code is linked with code using acodebehindmodel. Web designer/developmentVisual Studio also includes a website editor and designer that allows web pages to be authored by dragging and dropping widgets. It is used for developingapplications and supportsHTML,CSSandJavaScript. It uses acodebehindmodel to link with code. From Visual Studio 2008 onwards, the layout engine used by the web designer is shared withMicrosoft Expression Web. There is also MVCsupport forMVCtechnology as a separate download and Dynamic Dataproject available from Microsoft. Class designerThe Class Designer is used to author and edit the classes (including its members and their access) usingUMLmodeling. The Class Designer can generateCandcode outlines for the classes and methods. It can also generate class diagrams from handwritten classes. Data designerThe data designer can be used to graphically editdatabase schemas, including typed tables, primary and foreign keys and constraints. It can also be used to design queries from the graphical view. Mapping designerFrom Visual Studio 2008 onwards, the mapping designer is used byLINQ to SQLto design themappingbetweendatabase schemasand theclasses that encapsulate the data. The new solution from ORM approach, Entity Framework, replaces and improves the old technology.