【正文】 to deforestation, while the impach land affected respectively. Europe, with the highest overall percentage of alnd degraded (23%), also suffered from overvultivation (%) and overgrazing (%). In contrast, Oceania had 13% of degraded farmland and this was mainly due to overgrazing (%). North America had a lower proportion of degraded land at only 5%, and the main causes of this were overcultivation (%), and , to a lesser extent, overgrazing (%).Overall, it is clear that Europe suffered more form farmland degradation than the other regions, and the main causes there were deforestation and overcultivation.Test 2You should spend about 20 minutes in this task.The three pie charts below show the changes in annual spending by a particular UK school in 1981, 1991 and 2001.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make parisons where relevant. Write at least 150 words. The charts show how much a Uk school spent on different running costs in three separate years: 1981,1991 and 2001.In all three years, the greatest expenditure was on staff salaries. But while other workers’ salaries saw a fall from 28% in 1981 to only 15% of spending in 2001, teachers’ pay remained the biggest cost, reaching 50% of tatal spending in 1991 and ending at 45% in 2001.Expenditure on resources such as books had increased to 20% by 1991 before decreasing on only 9% by the end of the period. In contrast, the cost of furniture and equipment saw an opposite trend. This cost decreased to only 5% of total expenditure in 1991 but rose dramatically in 2001 when it represented 23%o of the school budget. Similarly, the cost of insurance saw a rising trend, growing form only 2% to 8% by 2001.Overall, teachers’ salaries constituted the largest cost to the school, and while spending increased dramatically for equipment and insurance, there were corresponding drops in expenditure on things such as books and on other workers’ salaries.Test 48分You should spend about 20 minutes in this task.The graph below shows the quantities of goods transported in the UK between 1974 and 2002 by four different modes of transport.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make parisons where relevant. Write at least 150 words.The graph illustrates the quantities of goods transported in the United Kingdom by four different modes of transport between the time period of 1974 and 2002. Over this span of 28 years, the quantities of goods transported by road, water and pipeline have all increased while the quntity transported by rail has remained almost constant at about 40 million tonnes.The largest quantity of goods transported both in 1974 and 2002 was by road (20 million tonnes and 98 million tonnes respectively) while the lowest both in 1974 and 2992 was by pipeline (about 5 million tonnes and 22million tonnes repectively). The amount of goods transported by water was constant from 1974 to 1978, where it showed and exponential growth, rising to almost 60 million tonnes after wchich it plateaued for about 20 years before starting to rise gradually again.The amount of goods transported by raill is almost constant of 40 million tonnes in 1974 and 2002, with decreases in quantity in between the years. It is also interesting to note that almost all showed a decrease in 1994 in amount of goods transported except for the pipeline, which actually peaked in that year.In conclusion the road remains the most popular method of transporting goods in the UK while water and pipelines are being increasingly used, have not bee more popular as a method of transport.