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er understanding6. empirical approach 7. experimental design8. differing process condition9. control systems10. feeding strategies11. training and education12. definition of problem13. mathematical model14. numerical methods15. tabulated or graphical16. experimental data17. information1. the preliminary economics2. technological changes3. pilotplant data4. process alternatives5. tradeoffs6. Offdesign7. Feedstocks8. optimize9. plant operations10. energy11. bottlenecking12. yield and throughput13. Revamping14. new catalystProblem Unexpected results Possible causeWater as impurity Kill a catalyst, or modify the performances of catalyst Steam leakDetermination of explosive limits ExplosionsNarrower limits in smallscale equipmentStorage of unstable materials Explosions and firesLower heat removal rate in mercial unitsUnit 19 Introduction to Process Design1. a flowsheet2. control scheme3. process manuals4. profit5. sustainable industrial activities6. waste7. health 8. safety9. a reactor10. tradeoffs11. optimizations12. hierarchyUnit 20 Materials Science and Chemical Engineering1. the producing species2. nutrient medium3. fermentation step4. biomass5. biomass separation6. drying agent7. product8. water9. biological purificationMaterials areas Research activitiesPolymerProbe the microscale dynamics of macromoleculesDevelop improved processes,Create new materialsPolymer Composites Microstructural reinforcementAdvanced Ceramics Produce specific micro structuresApplication researchCeramic Composites Engineering the chemical reactions relatedComposite LiquidsUnit 21 Chemical Industry and Environment1. Atmospheric chemistry2. stratospheric ozone depletion3. acid rain4. environmentally friendly products5. biodegradable6. harmful byproduct7. efficiently8. power plant emissions9. different plastics10. recycled or disposed11. acidic waste solutions12. anic ponents13. membrane technology14. biotechnology15. microanismsFrontier Research activities or problems facedInsite processingField tests。Uncertainties of the process,Adverse environment impactsProcess solidsImprove solids fracture processes,Research on the mechanics of pneumatic and slurry transport,Understand the chemical reaction processes,Equipment design and scaleupSeparation processResearch on: membrane separations, chemical selective separation agents, shapeselective porous solids, traditional separation methodsMaterialsFind construction materials,Develop new processrelated materials,Develop less energy intensive materialsDesign and scaleup Complexity, Lack of basic data,