不定式的定義-資料下載頁(yè)
2025-08-04 23:46本頁(yè)面
【正文】 to，也可不帶to, help sb (to) do sth： 7） but和except：but前是動(dòng)詞do時(shí)，后面出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)詞用不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式。 8） 由and, or和than連接的兩個(gè)不定式，第二個(gè)to 可以省去： 9） 通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think, understand等詞后，可以省去to be： He is supposed (to be) nice. 他應(yīng)該是個(gè)好人。 10）but作介詞，后接不定式結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，前面謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞部分若含有do的形式時(shí)，but后的不定式要省去to，否則要帶to?！? He wants to do nothing but go out. He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine. 11）當(dāng)兩個(gè)或多個(gè)不定時(shí)短語(yǔ)由連詞and，but或or連接時(shí)，后一個(gè)或幾個(gè)不定式符號(hào)to常省略。但若表示對(duì)比、對(duì)照關(guān)系時(shí)，則不能省略。 He wants to move to France and marry the girl. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,not to make it more difficult. 12）不定式做表語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般要帶to，但若主語(yǔ)部分中含有do的各種形式時(shí)，符號(hào)to可省去。 We39。ve missed the last we could do now is walk home. 舉例： He wants to move to France and marry the girl. He wants to do nothing but go out. 比較：He wants to do nothing but go out. He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine. 典型例題 1)—I usually go there by train. —Why not ___ by boat for a change? A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going 答案：D. why not 后面接不帶to 的不定式，因此選D。 2） Paul doesn39。t have to be made ___. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning 答案：B. make后接不帶to 的動(dòng)詞不定式，當(dāng)其用于被動(dòng)時(shí)，to 不可省略。 注意區(qū)別用作介詞的to to 有兩種用法： 一為不定式+動(dòng)詞原形； 一為介詞+名詞/動(dòng)名詞, to 在下面的用法中是第二種，即to+ 名詞/動(dòng)名詞： admit to承認(rèn)，confess to承認(rèn)，be accustomed to 習(xí)慣于，be used to 習(xí)慣于， stick to 堅(jiān)持， turn to開始，著手于， devote oneself to 獻(xiàn)身于， be devoted to 致力于， look forward to 盼望，pay attention to 注意 不定式一般式的用法 一、表示將來(lái) 即表示發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之后的動(dòng)作。如： We decided to leave early. 我們決定早點(diǎn)動(dòng)身。 I hope to finish reading the book tonight. 我希望今晚看完這本書。 I should like to give him a chance. 我愿意給他一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)。 He asked me to buy him some paper. 他叫我給他買些紙。 We expect him to e in time. 我們希望他能及時(shí)來(lái)。 二、表示同時(shí) 表示與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如： He seems to be tired. 他似乎累了。 注：以下用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的不定式省略了to： Who heard him say that? 是誰(shuí)聽到他這樣說(shuō)的？ Did you notice me pause? 你注沒注意我停頓了一下？ 三、表示過去 表示略先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的動(dòng)作。如： I’m sorry to hear that. 聽到這事我很難過。(to hear 略先于am sorry) Helen was pleased to see him. 海倫見到他很高興。 I’m happy to meet you at last. 我很高興我終于碰到了你。 I’m glad to see you looking so happy. 我很高興看到你顯得這樣快活。 不定式進(jìn)行式的用法 一、表示同時(shí) 表示與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生且正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。如： He seems to be saying something. 他似乎在說(shuō)什么。 He is thought to be hiding in the woods. 人們認(rèn)為他躲在林子里。 It’s nice to be sitting here with you. 和你一起坐在這兒真好。 Why’s she so late?—She can’t still be working. 她怎么這么晚還不來(lái)?——她不可能還在工作吧。 二、表示將來(lái) 正如可用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表示將來(lái)意義一樣，不定式的進(jìn)行式有時(shí)也可表示將來(lái)。如： He was happy to be ing home. 就要回家了他感到高興。 The old man seems to be dying. 這老人似乎要死了。 不定式完成式的用法 一、表示發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前的動(dòng)作： He seems to have caught a cold. 他似乎感冒了。 I hate to have quarreled with her. 我后悔和她吵架了。 I believe it to have been a mistake. 我相信這是一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。 You appear to have travelled quite a lot. 你似乎作過多次旅行。 I’m sorry to have given you so much trouble. 對(duì)不起給了你這么多麻煩。 It’s said to have been built in the Ming dynasty. 據(jù)說(shuō)它是明朝修建的。 二、表示在某個(gè)給定的時(shí)間之前已完成的動(dòng)作： I hope to have finished the work by now. 我希望現(xiàn)在以前已完成這項(xiàng)工作。 三、表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的想法和愿望： I should like to have e earlier. 我本想早點(diǎn)來(lái)的。 We were to have been married last year. 我們本來(lái)打算去年結(jié)婚
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