【正文】
ng Order Buyer Supplier RFQ Response to RFQ Purchase Order . Acknowledgement Purchase Order Change . Change Acknowledgement Functional Acknowledgement (for each Transaction ) EDI應用 ? 零售商(沃爾馬、 Toys R Us等)、制造商(寶潔、豐田、聯(lián)合利華) ? EDI的價值: – 使企業(yè)在全范圍迅速發(fā)送和接受大量常規(guī)事務信息 – 作為計算機間的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸,出錯的可能很小 – 信息可以在多個伙伴間內(nèi)容一致且自由流動 – 公司可以訪問業(yè)務伙伴的數(shù)據(jù)庫,獲取和存儲標準事務信息 – 促進真正(戰(zhàn)略)伙伴關(guān)系建立,因這需要長期投資和長時間的系統(tǒng)改進 – 建立完全無紙化辦公,節(jié)省成本,提升效率 – 收款過程縮短數(shù)星期 – 數(shù)據(jù)可以離線批量輸入,不占用主機端口 – 接受 EDI數(shù)據(jù)后,可以立即使用 – 銷售信息同時傳輸給制造商、裝運商、倉庫 – 節(jié)約大量金錢 從傳統(tǒng) EDI到基于互聯(lián)網(wǎng) EDI ? Fewer than 100,000 Cs on EDI (1998) ? 限制 EDI應用的因素 Factors limiting businesses to benefit from the traditional EDI –初期投資 Significant initial investment is needed –業(yè)務流程再造 Restructuring business processes is necessary to fit the EDI requirements and standards –長的啟動時間 Long startup time is needed –專用增值網(wǎng) Use of Private VANs is necessary –較高的運營成本 High EDI operating cost is needed –多個標準 There are several EDI standards –使用復雜 The EDI system is plex to use –需要翻譯器將事務文檔轉(zhuǎn)換成 EDI代碼 ? 傳統(tǒng) EDI應滿足下述條件 Traditional EDI does not meet following requirements: –允許更多公司使用 Enable more firms to use EDI –允許 EDI集成到既有系統(tǒng)中 Encourage full integration of EDI into trading partner business processes –簡化 EDI實施 Simplify EDI implementation –擴展在線交換能力 Expand the capabilities of online information exchange 從傳統(tǒng) EDI到基于互聯(lián)網(wǎng) EDI (cont.) ? 促使企業(yè)開展網(wǎng)上 EDI的原因 Reasons for firms to create the ability to change transactions over the Inter – 公網(wǎng)、新的應用 The Inter is a publicly accessible work with few geographical constraints. Its largest attribute, largescale connectivity (without the need to have special pany working architecture) is a seedbed for growth of a vast range of business applications. – 廣泛接觸客戶的可能性 The Inter global interwork connections offers the potential to reach the widest possible number of trading partners of any viable alternative currently available. 從傳統(tǒng) EDI到基于互聯(lián)網(wǎng) EDI (cont.) ? Reasons – 節(jié)省成本 Using the Inter can cut munication cost by over 50%. – 與 Web應用的多樣性一致 Using the Inter to exchange EDI transactions is consistent with the growing interest of business in delivering an everincreasing variety of products and services electronically, particularly through the Web. – 可以補充或取代傳統(tǒng) EDI:Interbased EDI can pliment or replace current EDI systems. – 工具友好 Inter tools such as browsers and search engines are very user friendly and most users today know how to use them. – 額外的功能:合作、工作流、搜索引擎 從傳統(tǒng) EDI到基于互聯(lián)網(wǎng) EDI (cont.) 基于互聯(lián)網(wǎng) EDI的類別 ? 取代專用網(wǎng)的電子郵件 Email for EDI massage transporting in place of VAN ? 外網(wǎng),輸入 EDI對應的信息 Extra for trading partners to enter information in Web format corresponding to that of EDI ? 提供托管服務 Webbase EDI hosting services (third parties) ? Web, XML, Java make EDI interactive ? Move to inter EDI的未來 ? Forrester( 2022) 調(diào)查:財富 1000強中的 50強,近半數(shù)計劃轉(zhuǎn)到基于互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的 EDI, 近 16%的流量將從專網(wǎng)轉(zhuǎn)到互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上。 ? 可能的方式:傳統(tǒng) EDI與 InterbasedEDI相結(jié)合。由 Inter將訂單傳到專網(wǎng)上,由他們將數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)成 EDI格式,然后數(shù)據(jù)送到自己的主機。 ? Compu系統(tǒng)公司:傳統(tǒng) EDI, 5000次交易 /月;互聯(lián)網(wǎng) EDI, 35000次交易 /月。 ? 寶潔:傳統(tǒng) EDI, 涉及 4000個業(yè)務伙伴;互聯(lián)網(wǎng)EDI,涉及上萬家供應商。 EDI與既有系統(tǒng)整合策略 Integration with Backend System ? 后端系統(tǒng) end system: ERP, , workflow… ? 由內(nèi)到外 InsideOut approach: Extend ERP Outward ? 由外到內(nèi) OutsideIn approach: ? 開放購物車 Open ECart approach 由內(nèi)到外 InsideOut approach ? ERP廠商: SAP、 peoplesoft、 Oracle、 用友 ? Single entry screen: ? Assumed: both sides with REP software ? Inefficient when multiple system and new technologies 由外到內(nèi) OutsideIn approach: ? Use application server應用服務器 ? Able to integrate multiple backend and frontend system into Ebusiness把后端系統(tǒng)和前端系統(tǒng)整合進電子商務 ? Reside within application server主流應用服務器 開放購物車 Open ECart approach ? 購買者保存購買信息 Buyer keeps shopping basket(ecart) ? Reside in buyer’s PC with open file format主流購買者的電腦 ? Simple, economical簡單、經(jīng)濟 ? 整合的問題: –在賣方市場, EC與供應商后臺系統(tǒng)整合相對容易;但一旦 EC放在多個供應商的服務器上,賣方就不太容易跟蹤自己的交易情況。 –在買方市場,再與之相反; –在中介主導的市場,買賣雙方都無法簡單的整合到自己的系統(tǒng)中。 管理問題 ? B2B營銷:賣方市場要廣告和激勵 ? 使用何種模式、 B2B軟件成本; ? 采購流程重造 ? 整合及其整合 B2B軟件 ? 是否自己建立采購系統(tǒng) ? 商業(yè)道德 /誠信 ? 拍賣 參考題 ? 回顧并網(wǎng)上瀏覽本章中提到的案例; ? 找出國內(nèi)的同類者;