【正文】
的產(chǎn)品容易成為產(chǎn)業(yè)中事實上的標準,并使擁有私人物品或俱樂部標準的企業(yè)獲取高額利潤。在新經(jīng)濟時代,只強調(diào)競爭,而不強調(diào)有效率合作行為,或只強調(diào)靜態(tài)比較優(yōu)勢,而不強調(diào)動態(tài)競爭優(yōu)勢的傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟理論并不能很好地指導中國經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展。通過對模塊化網(wǎng)絡組織契約與產(chǎn)權治理的分析,可以為中國產(chǎn)業(yè)或企業(yè)發(fā)展提供幾點啟示。(1)通過產(chǎn)業(yè)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)要素與資源的模塊化分解與整合是提高企業(yè)或產(chǎn)業(yè)資源使用效率,實現(xiàn)產(chǎn)業(yè)與企業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的有效方法。(2)因為模塊化契約網(wǎng)絡使生產(chǎn)要素和中間產(chǎn)品契約呈現(xiàn)極具效率的排列組合,所以企業(yè)要利用柔性契約網(wǎng)絡尋求組織合作的擴展,以組織或契約接近在全球整合資源。(3)在企業(yè)參與全球價值鏈分工時,可以拿出自己的生產(chǎn)要素參與一個或多個最終產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)的模塊化網(wǎng)絡;而在國際并購時,也可以并購對方企業(yè)的部分生產(chǎn)要素、或生產(chǎn)環(huán)節(jié);或者說模塊化環(huán)節(jié)的定位比企業(yè)整體定位更為重要。(4)參與全球產(chǎn)品內(nèi)分工的企業(yè)要找準自己在模塊化網(wǎng)絡組織中的定位;有社會資本優(yōu)勢或技術優(yōu)勢的企業(yè)要力爭成為系統(tǒng)規(guī)則設計者或產(chǎn)業(yè)標準制造者;具有一定實力的中小企業(yè)也要在專業(yè)化的基礎上向模塊化價值鏈更高的環(huán)節(jié)升級,增加不可替代性。(5)因為模塊化產(chǎn)業(yè)中標準制定者的特殊地位,政府應重點扶持擁有私人物品性質(zhì)產(chǎn)業(yè)標準的企業(yè),也要鼓勵企業(yè)更多地參與俱樂部式的國際專利聯(lián)盟,同時要鼓勵企業(yè)利用共公品性質(zhì)的標準參與全球分工。(6)在產(chǎn)業(yè)組織不斷模塊化的背景下,發(fā)展現(xiàn)代服務業(yè)外包可以進一步分解全球產(chǎn)業(yè)或產(chǎn)品價值鏈,使競爭對手原有優(yōu)勢弱化,并分享模塊化價值鏈更多價值環(huán)節(jié)的利潤。[參考文獻]〔1〕李海艦,——從SCP到DIM[J].中國工業(yè)經(jīng)濟, 2007, (7).〔2〕李海艦,:基于案例的視角[J].中國工業(yè)經(jīng)濟, 2008, (8).〔3〕:戰(zhàn)略聯(lián)盟研究的新領域[M].上海:復旦大學出版社, 2006.〔4〕劉茂松,[J].中國工業(yè)經(jīng)濟,2004,(9).〔5〕劉茂松,[J].中國工業(yè)經(jīng)濟, 2006, (5).〔6〕羅珉,:界面規(guī)則的演進與內(nèi)在機理研究[M].中國工業(yè)經(jīng)濟, 2010, (1).〔7〕[M].上海:上海遠東出版社,2001.〔8〕余東華,[J].中國工業(yè)經(jīng)濟,2008,(12).〔9〕Benassi,M. Investigating Modular Organizations[J]. Journal of Management and Governance, 2009,(3).〔10〕Bourreau, M., Dogan ,P., Manant, M. Modularity and Product Innovation in Digital Markets[J]. Review of Network Economics,2007,(2):175193.〔11〕Farrell, J., Saloner, G. Converters, Compatibility, and the Control of Interfaces. Journal of Industrial Economics, 1992, (1).〔12〕Lerner,J., Strojwas,M. and Tirole,J. The Structure and Performance of Patent Pools: Empirical Evidence [R]. Working Paper of Harvard University and NBER, 2003.〔13〕Shy,O. The Economics of Network Industries[M]. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001.The Contract Nature and Property Rights Governance of Modularized Network Organizations[Abstract] Modularized network organization is essentially a flexible contract network formed by many contracts of intermediate products. Through different permutation and bination of intermediate products, modularized contract network enhances the efficiency of industrial and enterprises. The contractual governance of modularized networks is different from that of the hierarchical organization in the industrial economy. The core of property right governance in modularized network organization is allocation of cooperative surplus. Under the condition of industrial organization modularization, the one who owns the standards of private goods or the club goods often gets high profits.[Key Words] Modularized Network Organization;Contract;Property Rights;Cooperative Surplus11 /