【正文】 1．遼寧工學院綜合教學樓防雷保護 防雷直擊：采用裝設在建筑物上的避雷網(wǎng)或避雷針，或由其混合組成的接閃器。防雷電感應：建筑物內(nèi)的設備管道構(gòu)架等主要建筑物，應就近接至防直擊雷接地裝置或電氣設備的保護接地裝置上，可不另設接地裝置。防雷電波侵入：1）地電線路全長采用埋地電纜或敷設架空金屬線槽內(nèi)的電纜引入時，在入戶端應將金屬電纜外皮，金屬線槽接地。2）低壓架空線轉(zhuǎn)換金屬改裝電纜或護套電纜穿鋼管直接埋地引入時，其埋地長度應大于或等于15m。低壓架空線直接引入時，在入戶處應裝設避雷器，并將其與絕緣子鐵腳金具連在一起接到電氣設備的接地裝置上。2．建筑物防雷接閃器有以下幾種形式（1）獨立避雷針（2）架空避雷線或架空避雷網(wǎng)（3）直接安裝在建筑物上的避雷針避雷帶或避雷網(wǎng)3．變配電所建筑物防雷保護（1）變配電所屋外配電裝置應裝設防直擊雷保護裝置，一般采用避雷針或避雷器。（2）屋內(nèi)配電裝置如雷設防直擊雷保護裝置，屋頂有金屬結(jié)構(gòu)時，將金屬部分接地，屋頂為鋼筋混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)時，將其焊接成網(wǎng)接地，屋頂為非導體結(jié)構(gòu)時，采用避雷網(wǎng)保護。（3）35kV及以下的屋外高壓配電裝置，采用獨立避雷器或避雷線保護，宜裝設獨立的接地裝置，接地電阻不宜超過20。（4）獨立避雷針不應設在人經(jīng)常通行的地方，避雷針及接地裝置與道路或建筑物的出入口等的距離不宜小于3m。（5）35kV及以下高壓配電裝置的架構(gòu)或變電所房頂上不宜裝設避雷針。（6）35kV配電裝置在土壤電阻率不大于500m的地區(qū)允許將線路的避雷線接至于出線門型架構(gòu)上但要裝設集中接地裝置。（7）獨立避雷針避雷線與配電裝置帶電部分，變電所電力設備接地部分、構(gòu)架接地部分之間的空氣距離一般不小于5m，當條件允許時應盡量增大，以便降低感應過電壓。4．雷電侵入波過電壓保護架空進線的10kV變電所，10kV架空線應全線裝設避雷線，若未沿全線裝設，應在變電所12km所進線段架設避雷線如圖所示。變電所310kV配電裝置（包括電力變壓器）應在每組母線和每回架空線路上裝設發(fā)行避雷器避雷器與變壓器的最大電氣距離雷季經(jīng)常運行的進出路數(shù)1234及以上最大空氣距離m15232730圖103 架設避雷線圖104 架空線路上裝設發(fā)行避雷器5：防雷計算（1） 變電所占地面積，采用4根避雷針保護，為避免反擊，避雷針距離變電所5m。相鄰兩根距離 對角避雷針間距 避雷針的有效高度為 避雷針的高為 在高度上的保護半徑為 全在保護范圍內(nèi)A2=60A1=15=15 B2x=b1x= 總 結(jié)此畢業(yè)論文設計了遼寧工學院綜合教學樓的變電所，這是一次綜合設計的考驗。在設計中電氣主接線根據(jù)原始資料及實際工程應用，分析并選定兩種接線方式，通過實地考察和供電情況分析，最終選定的接線方式為：高壓側(cè)采用單母線接線，低壓側(cè)采用單母線分段接線，在本變電所的設計中還對變壓器選擇、短路電流的計算及設備選擇進行了設計。在主變壓器選擇中首先確定了變壓器的容量、臺數(shù)、型號，而后根據(jù)變電所所帶負荷情況采用需要系數(shù)法計算，同時結(jié)合相關(guān)的功率因數(shù)計算出變壓器的容量。設計變壓器繼電保護時，采用了過電流保護、速斷保護。防雷保護設計，參照設計要求利用滾球法為防雷保護的設計方法，并且采用四支等高等距離的避雷針。通過完成遼寧工學院綜合教學樓的變電所的設計，把過去所學的專業(yè)知識綜合的利用起來，并運用到了實際工程當中去，把基礎(chǔ)知識與工程實際相互結(jié)合。既做到技術(shù)先進又保證安全可靠，進一步提高了自己設計的能力，而最重要的是培養(yǎng)了自己的工程觀念，為以后的工作打下了堅實的基礎(chǔ)。參考文獻[1] 熊信銀，發(fā)電廠電氣部分（第三版），北京：中國電力出版社，[2] 陳躍，電氣工程專業(yè)畢業(yè)設計指南電力系統(tǒng)分冊，北京：中國水利水電出版社，[3] 丁毓山 雷振山，中小型，變電所實用設計手冊，北京：中國水利水電出版社，[4] 陳化鋼, 電氣設備及其運行, 合肥： 合肥工業(yè)大學出版社, 2004[5] 賀家李等, 電力系統(tǒng)繼電保護原理, 北京：中國電力出版社，2004.[6] 朱獻清, 物業(yè)供用電, 北京：機械工業(yè)出版社，2003[7] 尹克寧, 變壓器設計原理, 北京：中國電力出版社，2003[8] ：中國水利電力出版社，2002[9] ：中國水利電力出版社，2002[10] ：中國電力出版社，2004[11] ：中國電力出版社，2004[12] . ：2327[13] ：1418[14] 何仰贊等，電力系統(tǒng)分析，武漢：華中理科技學出版社， [15] Hologamous Integrating Strategies for Incipient Fault Diagnosis of Transformer，1985[16] Workgroup of GEC AL THOM Measurements. Protective RelaysApplication Guide:3rd Edition . Stafford： GEC AL THOM Protection amp。 Control Limited, 1987致謝通過此次畢業(yè)設計，加深了我所學的電氣工程專業(yè)知識，為今后順利的開展工作打下良好的基礎(chǔ)，特別是對認識問題、分析問題、解決問題的能力有了較大的提高。本次畢業(yè)設計也是對我整個學習階段的一次綜合測試。在畢業(yè)設計過程中，衷心的感謝閆鈿老師和遼寧工學院供電中心的欒迪工程師，在百忙之中對我的設計給予了細致的指導和建議。他們那嚴謹求實的教學作風、誨人不倦的耐心，給我留下了難以磨滅的印象。我還要感謝我的專業(yè)老師陳曉英、李寶國、任國臣、巴金祥、趙鳳賢、吳靜等各位老師。在這四年的大學生活和學習中，老師不僅教導我做人的原則，尤其在學習當中對我傳授的知識會使我受益終身。在此，我對您們表示最衷心的感謝，我將在今后的工作中不斷追求新知識、繼續(xù)努力，不辜負老師們對我細心的培養(yǎng)。附錄Ⅰ英文資料及其翻譯TransformerTypes and Construction of TransformerA transformer is a device that alternating current electric energy at one voltage level into alternating current electric energy at another voltage level through the action of a magnetic consists of two or more coils wire wrapped around a mon ferromagnetic coils are (usually)not directly connected. The only connection between the coils is the mon magnectic flux presen within the core.One of the transformer windings is connected to a source of ac electric power,and the second(and perhaps third) transformer winding supplies electric power to loads. the transformer winding connected to the power souce is called the primary winding or input the winding connected to the loads is called the secondary winding or input there is a third winding on the transformer,it is called the tertiary winding.Power transformer are constructed on one of two types of type of construction consists of a simple rectangular laminated piece of steel with the transformer windings wrapped around two sides of the type of construction is know as coreform .The other type consists of threelegged laminated core with the windings wrapped around the center leg .This type of construction is know as shell either case,the core is constructed of thin laminations electrically isolated form each other in order in order to reduce eddy currents to a minimum.The primary and secondary windings in a physical transformer are wrapped one on top of the other with the lowvoltage winding an arrangement severs two purposes: simplifies the problem of insulating the high voltage winding from the results in much less leakage flux than would be the two windings were separated by a distance on the core.Power transformer are given a variety of different names, depending on their use in power transformer connected to the output of a generator and used to step its voltage up to transformer levels is sometimes called unit transformer. The transformer ai the other end of the transformer line,which steps the voltage down from transmission levels to distribution levels,is called a substation ,the transformer that takes the distribution voltage and steps is down to the final voltage ai which the power is actually used is called a distribution these devices are essentially the samethe only difference among them is their intended use.In addition to the various power transformer, two specialpurpose transformers are used with electric machinery and power first of these special transformers is a device specially designed to sample a high voltage and produce a low secondary voltage directly proportional to a transformer is called a potential power transformer also produces a secondary voltage directly proportional to its primary voltage。the difference between a potential transformer and a power transformer is that the potential transformer is designed to handle only a very small second type of special transformer is a device designed to provide a secondary smaller than but directly proportional to its primary device is called a current transformer.Cirtcuit BreakersA circuit breaker is mechanical switching device capable of making,and breaking currents under normal