【正文】
單板換熱面積:; 通道截面積:。以上數(shù)據(jù)由《實(shí)用供熱空調(diào)設(shè)計(jì)書冊(cè)》。 (3)傳熱系數(shù)的確定 ,(=,冷水側(cè)△t=25℃,熱水側(cè)△t=50℃,則50/25=2)。由《實(shí)用供熱空調(diào)設(shè)計(jì)書冊(cè)》=3900。 (4)傳熱平均溫差△tm的確定 式(31)式中: —對(duì)數(shù)平均溫度; ,—逆流換熱時(shí)冷熱流介質(zhì)的最大最小溫差。由已知數(shù)據(jù)可得:==℃所需換熱面積 式(32)傳熱系數(shù)K取3900,水垢系數(shù)B板式換熱器可不考慮,B=1。選用BR35型換熱器。則所需的換熱片數(shù)為 =68片 (5)驗(yàn)算傳熱系數(shù)通道截面積,通過流量為 式(33) 式中:Q—供熱量,W; △t—溫差,℃。則: =63090kg/m3n=68片 則實(shí)際流速為=(34) 。 (6)計(jì)算流阻熱水側(cè)阻力:查表《實(shí)用供熱空調(diào)設(shè)計(jì)書冊(cè)》;冷水側(cè)阻力:查表《實(shí)用供熱空調(diào)設(shè)計(jì)書冊(cè)》。根據(jù)計(jì)算結(jié)果,本設(shè)計(jì)選擇四臺(tái)BR35型號(hào)的板式換熱器,其中高區(qū)兩臺(tái)(一備一用),低區(qū)兩臺(tái)(一備一用)。. 換熱站其他設(shè)備的選擇與計(jì)算換熱站中除換熱器外,還有其他的配套設(shè)備,有熱水循環(huán)泵,熱水補(bǔ)水泵,高區(qū)加壓泵,除污器及其各種閥門等管道附件. 熱水循環(huán)水泵的選擇與計(jì)算(1)水泵的總流量G 式(35) 式中:—總流量,t/h—考慮管網(wǎng),散熱器等漏損系數(shù),一般取,—計(jì)算總負(fù)荷,—供回水溫度,℃ = 其中高區(qū)=;低區(qū)=(2)水泵的揚(yáng)程H的確定 式(36)式中:—富裕系數(shù),一般取=—,;—熱力站系統(tǒng)內(nèi)部壓力損失,m; —熱水管網(wǎng)路最不利環(huán)路的壓力損失, m;—熱水管網(wǎng)最不利環(huán)路連接的用戶的壓力損失,m。一般分戶計(jì)量散熱器采暖系統(tǒng)取34 m,低溫地板輻射采暖系統(tǒng)取5 m; ==根據(jù)計(jì)算結(jié)果,結(jié)合循環(huán)水泵的流量和揚(yáng)程,查《給水排水設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè) (第11冊(cè))常用設(shè)備》選擇泵的型號(hào)如下:高區(qū):三臺(tái)IS8050250A離心泵,其中兩用一備;低區(qū):三臺(tái)IS8050250A離心泵,其中兩用一備。. 補(bǔ)水泵的選擇與計(jì)算(1) 補(bǔ)水泵的流量確定補(bǔ)水泵的流量一般熱水供暖系統(tǒng),按照循環(huán)水量的3%5%進(jìn)行計(jì)算,本設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)較小,采用大值:(2)補(bǔ)水泵揚(yáng)程的確定計(jì)算補(bǔ)水泵按下式進(jìn)行計(jì)算: 式(37)式中 :—系統(tǒng)補(bǔ)水點(diǎn)的壓力值,即等于所確定的靜水壓線高度;—補(bǔ)水泵吸入管的壓力損失,;—補(bǔ)水泵出水管的壓力損失,;—補(bǔ)給水箱最低水位高出系統(tǒng)補(bǔ)水點(diǎn)的高度,;=20m根據(jù)計(jì)算結(jié)果,結(jié)合循環(huán)水泵的流量G和揚(yáng)程H,查《給水排水設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè) (第11冊(cè))常用設(shè)備》選擇泵的型號(hào)如下:IS6550125離心泵兩臺(tái),其中一臺(tái)備用。. 加壓泵的選擇與計(jì)算(1)、加壓泵的選擇與計(jì)算(高區(qū))加壓泵揚(yáng)程的計(jì)算 式(38)式中 ——水泵至分區(qū)的幾何高度,m; ——供暖系統(tǒng)阻力損失,m; ——熱網(wǎng)供水管在加壓泵位置的水頭高度,m。=加壓泵流量可按公式(55)計(jì)算。=根據(jù)計(jì)算結(jié)果,結(jié)合加壓水泵的流量G和揚(yáng)程H,查《給水排水設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè) (第11冊(cè))常用設(shè)備》選擇泵的型號(hào)如下:IS10065315型離心泵兩臺(tái),其中一臺(tái)備用。所選水泵的主要參數(shù)見表31。 水泵參數(shù)表 水泵型號(hào) 項(xiàng)目 IS8050250AIS6550125IS10065315流 量(m3/h)15100揚(yáng) 程( m )70125轉(zhuǎn)速(r/min)290029002900軸功率(kw)效率(%)615866汽蝕余量(m)選用臺(tái)數(shù)6臺(tái)(兩臺(tái)備用)2臺(tái)(一臺(tái)備用)2臺(tái)(一臺(tái)備用). 補(bǔ)水箱選擇補(bǔ)水箱的有效容積應(yīng)滿足儲(chǔ)存12小時(shí)正常補(bǔ)水水量的要求。則補(bǔ)水箱的容積V為:. 除污器與軟水器的選擇(1) 除污器除污器的作用是用來清除和過濾管路中的雜質(zhì)和污垢,以保證系統(tǒng)內(nèi)的水質(zhì)的潔凈,減少阻力和防止塞堵設(shè)備和管路。熱網(wǎng)供水總管以及采暖系統(tǒng)回水總管上,應(yīng)設(shè)置除污器,除污器分立式直通、臥式直通和角通除污器,除污器的型號(hào)可按接管管徑確定。本設(shè)計(jì)采用Y型過濾器,具體選擇參看表32。表32 過濾器的規(guī)格型 號(hào)公稱口徑(DN)長(zhǎng)度(mm)連 接Y—20φ201504孔φ14Y—25φ251604孔φ14Y—32φ321804孔φ18Y—40φ402004孔φ18Y—50φ502204孔φ18Y—65φ652904孔φ18Y—80φ803104孔φ18Y—100φ1003504孔φ18Y—125φ1254004孔φ18(2) 軟水器本設(shè)計(jì)選用YH1000型全自動(dòng)軟化水器。. 設(shè)備管道的保溫?fù)Q熱站內(nèi)的管道、管道附件等需要進(jìn)行保溫處理。本設(shè)計(jì)采用離心玻璃棉保溫結(jié)構(gòu),此保溫結(jié)構(gòu),保溫效果好且施工方便價(jià)格低廉。具體保溫層厚度見下表: 保溫層厚度表公稱直徑3240506580100保溫層厚度3040506580100. 管道的防腐處理熱力管道及其設(shè)備的防腐處理,主要是直金屬表面的外防腐和其涂料層的保護(hù),金屬的腐蝕是金屬在其工作環(huán)境中,因化學(xué)或是電化學(xué)反應(yīng),引起金屬的表面均勻或者是局部的耗損現(xiàn)象的總乘。為了減少管道的腐蝕,我們需要對(duì)管道進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的防腐處理,主要是刷漆防銹等。本設(shè)計(jì)中只是對(duì)換熱站內(nèi)的架空管道進(jìn)行防腐處理,對(duì)各個(gè)管道及其設(shè)備刷底漆一遍,面漆2道。 總結(jié)通過近一學(xué)期的分析比較及合理化設(shè)想,我對(duì)該建筑做出了一套安全可靠的采暖系統(tǒng)和外網(wǎng)的供熱系統(tǒng)。該采暖系統(tǒng)為下供下回異程式,采用了高低區(qū)分區(qū)供暖,雖然其浪費(fèi)管材,但其利于水利平衡,減少平衡閥的數(shù)量。本設(shè)計(jì)共用立管采用下供下回異程式雙管系統(tǒng),設(shè)置在管道間內(nèi),戶內(nèi)采用雙管同程系統(tǒng),使每戶形成一個(gè)獨(dú)立的系統(tǒng),在每戶入口處設(shè)熱量表以計(jì)量熱量,實(shí)現(xiàn)分戶熱計(jì)量。采暖方式采用低溫散熱器采暖。根據(jù)此建筑物的特點(diǎn)對(duì)其進(jìn)行豎向分區(qū)。同時(shí),還考慮了經(jīng)濟(jì)、可靠、節(jié)能等方面。換熱站位于小區(qū)內(nèi),將外網(wǎng)提供的130℃/80℃的供、回水換為95℃/70℃的低溫水,以滿足用戶的要求,采用波紋板式換熱器。管道大多在室內(nèi)敷設(shè),熱損耗大大減少。為了響應(yīng)國(guó)家“節(jié)能減排”的號(hào)召,本設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)維護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)均做了保溫處理,經(jīng)過計(jì)算,如果該建筑使用年限為50年,則做了保溫的建筑要比傳統(tǒng)建筑經(jīng)濟(jì)。參考文獻(xiàn)[1]賀平,(第四版)[M],北京:中國(guó)建筑工業(yè)出版社,2009[2][M],北京:中國(guó)建筑工業(yè)出版社,1987[3][M],北京:中國(guó)建筑工業(yè)出版社,1993[4][M],北京:中國(guó)建筑工業(yè)出版社,1993[5]陸亞俊,馬最良,[M],北京:中國(guó)建筑工業(yè)出版社,2002[6]榮秀惠,肖蘭生,[M],北京:中國(guó)建筑工業(yè)出版社,1987[7][M],北京:中國(guó)建筑工業(yè)出版社,2002[8][M],北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,2006[9]—2001,北京:中國(guó)計(jì)劃出版社,2001[10][M],北京:中國(guó)建筑工業(yè)出版社,2003[11][M],北京:中國(guó)工業(yè)出版社,2007[12]常用設(shè)備/(第11冊(cè))ISBN7112041546[M],北京:中國(guó)建筑工業(yè)出版社,2002附錄A 外文文獻(xiàn)翻譯文獻(xiàn)一:Concrete Floor HeatingAn effective nonconventional method of space heatingKomal KrishnaConcrete floor heating is a an alternative method of heating that provides a warm floor and unobtrusive space heating, delivering high levels of fort, safety and indoor air quality to the occupants. This briefing provides guidance on the types of concrete floor heating systems available, their installation, use and patibility with various floor finishes.IntroductionConcrete floor heating involves exploiting the high thermal mass of a concrete slab or floor by storing heat in the floor and having it act like a large heating panel, to warm the internal space above it and provide a fortable living environment for the occupants. Unlike conventional heating systems, which tend to be localised and cause hot spots, draughts and cold areas, the warm floor heats the entire space above it and is ideal for finishes such as polished concrete floors. The heated concrete floor, because of its radiant output, is able to achieve fortable living conditions at a lower air temperature than normal air heating systems. It is one of the simplest forms of space heating, providing uniform, unobtrusive heat. The concrete slab is heated by embedding either electric elements or pipes that circulate hot water (known as hydronic systems) within the concrete slab or topping screed. Offpeak domestic heating tariffs may also provide significant economy to the homeowner if the energy source is electricity for either type of system. Ideally, using concrete floors for heating is best suited to buildings of solid construction where external and internal walls also have a high thermal mass (ie concrete panel, brick or block walls). These materials, together with the concrete floor act as a heat bank or reservoir, storing the heat. The approach can also be satisfactory in buildings of lighter construction including brick veneer, provided that some consideration is given to adequate insulation.Advantages of Floor Heating1. Heat is supplied evenly and from a low level (floor) providing improved occupant fort levels.2. The absence of heating appliances or fitments increases the usable floor area or space and allows plete flexibility of use and furniture placement.3. Should provide low operating cost.4. Low maintenance