中國(guó)在世界經(jīng)濟(jì)中的優(yōu)勢(shì)與劣勢(shì)畢業(yè)論文-資料下載頁(yè)
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【正文】 backward shift in the structure of employment is not typical of a fastgrowing economy, which normally experiences the classic shift of labor out of agriculture and into manufacturing and services. China39。s macroeconomic challenge is thus to generate GDP growth based on rapid expansion of servicesector jobs. Some 16 million layoffs from SOEs during 1998–2000 indicate the huge social challenge facing China as the iron rice bowl system of the past is demolished. The goal is to shift responsibility for social services (including education, health, pensions, and unemployment) from the SOEs to the private sector or to local and provincial governments.China39。s economy needs to create more jobs than it has in recent years, and stronger domestic demand is the key to meeting this need. Even though official GDP growth rates in recent years have been relatively high by international standards, since 1998 employment growth has faltered in critical ways. Enterprise reform layoffs accounted for some of this pattern, but not all. Somehow, in recent years, employment growth patterns have bee disconnected from officially reported economic growth. High productivity gains are one contributing factor, and exaggerated GDP growth statistics are another. Whatever the reason, officially reported growth of between 7 and 8 percent has not been high enough to meet China39。s needs. Government projections promise an increase in the scale of urban layoffs, even as the status of laidoff workers is being downgraded. Beginning in January 2001 workers let go from state enterprises have only received unemployment pensation rather than the earlier, more generous, furloughedworker benefits. This move will increase the potential for urban worker unrest。 the only real solution is more jobs. The huge ine disparity is another serious problem. The coastal regions have benefited much more from China39。s opening than the poor western and central regions and those with a high concentration of SOEs. A more systematic revamp of the current, regressive system of interregional budget transfers is needed to address the growing imbalance between the richer provinces and those with fewer resources yet large social safety and investment needs. If the problem is unsolved, civilian resentments and uprisings might break out, which are harmful to the national stability and economic growth. PollutionAnother weakness of China is the country39。s alarming level of air and water pollution. Five of China39。s largest cities, including Beijing, Chongqing and Guangzhou, are among the most polluted cities in the world, according to the report. Not only does China suffer as many as 289,000 deaths a year because of high pollution levels, it is estimated that the country was also losing between 3 and 8 percent of its annual gross domestic product because of environmental degradation. Edward A. Gargan, Weakness Seen in China39。s Economic Boom, New York Times, , , 1997, pp67Reference:[1] Albert Keidel, “China39。s Economy a Mixed Performance”, China Business, Vol. 27, , 2001, pp90[2] Bengal Tiger, “Infrastructure in China”, Industry and Economy, Vol. 29, , 2003, pp 95[3]Cem Karacadag,” Financial System Soundness and Reform,” International Finance, Vol. 37, , 2002, pp87 [4] Earl Drake, “China39。s Future and Prospects China39。s Macroeconomic Outlook, Vol. 127, , 2002, pp 49~51 [5] Edward A. Gargan, Weakness Seen in China39。s Economic Boom, New York Times, , , 1997, pp67~68[6] Paul Gruenwald and Jahangir Aziz, “China and the Asian Crisis,” Asian Economy, , No. 5, 2002,pp58[7] Paul Heytens and Cem Karacadag, “The Unemployment Problem in China,” Journal of Marketing, Vol. 67, , 2003, pp14~15[8]Petersen , “Reforming China39。s Trading System”, Trade and Democracy, Vol. , 200, pp37~38[9]Wanda Tseng and Markus Rodlauer, “China Competing in the Global Economy,” International Banker, Vol. 14, No. 2, 2003, pp 25[10]Will Martin, “China39。s Economic Policies and World Trade,” Economic Reform Today, Vol. 23, , pp86 Chapter 4 ConclusionTo sum up, China owns both advantages and disadvantages in the world economy. The strengths are its economyoriented policy, huge market, and low cost and high quality of human resource. The weaknesses are its absence of credit legal system, inefficiency in state owned enterprises and financial system, inadequate infrastructure, unemployment and ine disparity and pollution. The most important task for Chinese government is to maintain the fast economic growth and to make good use of our unique advantages, in the mean time, to take measures to solve the present problems and overe the obstacles. Not
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