【正文】 level of fulfilling themselves, which is the highest inMaslow39。s work hierarchy.8. Conditions for some US workers, such as those on assembly lines, may be considered terrible. However, themedi workers suffered much more misery than those working on the modern assembly line. A poorIndian rubbish collector lives a more miserable life than a poor American car worker. The average peasantin South America works harder than most ofAmericans.9. The author is cautioning that it is important to have a proper sense of perspective about work, before makingjudgments on particular situations.10. Work is the most thorough and profound organizing principle in American life in that it helps peopleconnect with others in a work munity and, therefore, satisfy their need for friendship and socialrelations.Vocabulary1. esteemed 2. stunned 3. notorious 4. conferred5. aspiration 6. diluted 7. hierarchy 8. foremost9. asserted 10. arrogant 11. dreadful 12. recyclingExercises on CD and web course only: 13. intrinsic 14. destructive 15. gossiping1. wind up 2. merge with 3. dying off 4. laid off5. closed down 6. degenerated into 7. in effect 8. apart from9. irrespective of 10. prone to11. takes a certain amount of people39。s interest out of 12.kicked aroundExercises on CD and web course only: 13. conferred upon 14. in much the same way that 15.concentrated uponColocationI. stories 2. messages 3, weight 4. meanings5. honor 6. disease 7. electricity 8, traditionExercises on CD and web course only: 9. interest 10. oxygenTranslationI. Those who lead a miserable life often fail to recognize the inherent virtue of work in earning and sustainingtheir dignity.2. With the life bettered and levels of education higher, the work ethic is diluted now.3. The young generation has much difficulty understanding why their ancestors had to focus their minds uponwork as the central concern of existence.4. According to Maslow, different classes and ethnic groups are positioned at different stages in the workhierarchy.5. In developing countries, many talented young intellectuals flock in droves to America, which forms thesocalled brain drain.6. If a country is prone to high inflation, then its currency will have to be dued to maintain the pricepetitiveness of its exports.7. One expert in sociology believes that work is a means for people to build relationships. In that sense, theworkplace performs the function of a munity.8. The desire to fulfill themselves, a harmless and even worthy enterprise, may sometimes degenerate into aselfish discontent.9. To most Americans today, the blow of being laid off seldom carries the lifeanddeath implications it oncehad.10. Modem workers may have a lot of plaints. But they will feel better when they know that theirpredecessors did work under a far more brutal condition during the early stage of the Industrial Revolution.Work is not only a means of sustaining life. More importantly, it is the way through which people displaytheir talent, realize their ambitions, build relationships and establish social status. If you understand thisintrinsic value of work, then however dull or hard work may be, it bees bearable if it helps build up areputation, whether in the world at large or only in one39。s own circle. Updating one39。s aim is one of the mostessential elements of selffulfillment in the long run, and for most people this es chiefly through their work.In that sense, work is the most vigorous, vivid sign of life in individuals and in civilizations.1．對(duì)于那些勉強(qiáng)維持生活的人來說，勞動(dòng)有其固有價(jià)值這一觀點(diǎn)顯得荒唐可笑。2．首批移居美國的人，其勞動(dòng)的主要?jiǎng)恿κ菫閮簩O們創(chuàng)造更好的生活，這樣的動(dòng)機(jī)使他們從勞動(dòng)中獲得了一種強(qiáng)烈的自尊。3．如果某大公司關(guān)閉了一家工廠，將該廠大量工人拋向失業(yè)者的行列中，那么人們更多地將其歸罪于疲軟的經(jīng)濟(jì)而不是個(gè)人。4．同過去相比，今天的勞動(dòng)者受教育的水平提高了，因而，他們期待更高，興趣各異。5．那些雄心勃勃的移民至今依然擁向美國，為安全感而奮斗，而那些試圖“實(shí)現(xiàn)自我’的自私的當(dāng)?shù)夭柯湓谌艘郧熬偷玫搅诉@種安全感。6．那些因工作造成精神缺陷而情緒消沉的美國工人，往往意識(shí)不到工作帶來的個(gè)人尊嚴(yán)有多么重要。7．弗洛伊德認(rèn)為，成功人士是那些能夠付出愛心和勞動(dòng)的人，原因是有了這種能力，任何人都能做一些有益于社會(huì)的事情。8．從歷史上看，勞動(dòng)總是同奴役、罪行以及懲處相聯(lián)系，但所有勞動(dòng)都有其固有的價(jià)值，除非是不誠實(shí)的和破壞性勞動(dòng)。9．為了生計(jì)而勞動(dòng)，為了創(chuàng)造未來而勞動(dòng)，使人們的努力具有堅(jiān)強(qiáng)的和道德上的純樸性。10．工人之間需要聊天、需要往來、需要建立關(guān)系，這些需要使勞動(dòng)場(chǎng)所成了一個(gè)社區(qū)。 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. A 6. B 7. D 8. C 9. A10. D 11. C 12. B 13. B 14, C 15. A 16. D 17. C 19. B 20, AStructuredWritingWith the development of a market economy in China, some traditional values are being changed or lost, tobe replaced quickly by new ones. First, the value of modesty has been replaced by selfdisplay. Thetraditional Chinese economic system made it necessary for people to remain modest in social life, because theydid not have to show off their personal ambitions to earn a living. But, in today39。s job market, if you remainmodest as tradition has required, you may give the prospective boss an impression of being timid andincapable.Modesty could well lead to failure in the job interview. The full display of personal ambition, lit 4therefore, bees a necessity. Secondly, in the past, poverty was regarded as an advantage because wealthwas associated with the capitalist class. But now, we often hear the saying to be born poor is no choice, but todie poor is something to be condemned. ~Wealth has bee the synonym of success and of hard work.That is to say, the pursuit of material wealth has bee a goal in a person39。s life.Comprehension of the Text 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. D 6. A 7. B 8. A 9. C 10. DVocabulary1. dwelffdwelled 2. reassuring 3. discriminate 4. endeavoring5. endows 6. disturbance 7. harassment 8. disregard9. inspiration 10. inflict l I. overwhelmed 12. courtesyExercises on CD and web course only: 13. underlying 14. uphold 15. assault1. live with 2. in the midst of3. figure out 4. As regards5. attaches itself to 6. The last thing we need7. gave it a bad name 8. at regular intervals9. In the aftermath of 10. discriminate between11. inflicted upon 12. In that senseCD 13. give up on 14. have chosen their lot 15. in turnUnit FiveComprehension of the Text]. Almost all America h