【導(dǎo)讀】高中英語(yǔ)閱讀常見(jiàn)題材。明確中心內(nèi)容，把握辨證關(guān)系，體會(huì)作者意圖，判斷文章主題。細(xì)節(jié)孤立無(wú)意義，全文呼應(yīng)有精彩，正確答案文中藏，錯(cuò)誤選擇怪猜想。細(xì)節(jié)型試題常見(jiàn)提問(wèn)形式。細(xì)節(jié)型試題的幾種解答方法。形式來(lái)設(shè)計(jì)題目。因此，熟記近義詞。答此類題的關(guān)鍵。從最后一句更清楚的知道說(shuō)謊是天生的，即“本能的”的意思。

　　

【正文】 oman. Q: What is the meaning of the word “dual” here? Mary played a dual role in the party. In the first act she was a middleschool student, and in the second act she was an old woman. Q: What is the meaning of the word “dual” here? 通過(guò)后兩個(gè)句子的說(shuō)明 ， 不難猜到該詞的意思是 “ 雙重的 ” 。 例 11： There are three kinds of snow. One is a fluffy snow that is somewhat dry and feathery. Another kind is damp and sticks together. There is also a light powdery snow that looks like flour. Q: The meaning of the word “fluffy” is ____. There are three kinds of snow. One is a fluffy snow that is somewhat dry and feathery. Another kind is damp and sticks together. There is also a light powdery snow that looks like flour. Q: The meaning of the word “fluffy” is ____. 從 fluffy snow后的 定語(yǔ)從句 可以得知： “ fluffy” 的意思是： “像羽毛般的” 例 12： Alexander Graham Bell was born in 1847 in Edinburgh, Scotland. His father was an expert in phoics, the study of the sounds of language. Q: What is “phoics”____? 通過(guò)該詞后面的同為語(yǔ)就可以推測(cè)出： phoics是指 “ 語(yǔ)言學(xué) ” 。 解釋和說(shuō)明的信號(hào)詞常有： is, are, is(are) called, mean, refer to, known as, that is to say, in other words, namely … 近反義詞為線索猜測(cè)詞義 有時(shí)作者為了說(shuō)明相反或相同的人或事 ， 經(jīng)常會(huì)使用一些 反義詞來(lái)進(jìn)行對(duì)比 或使用 同義詞來(lái)避免重復(fù) ， 我們可以通過(guò)這種 正反關(guān)系的對(duì)比 來(lái)猜測(cè)詞義 。 例 13： The exhausted man was so tired that he could not move another step. 從 “ so… that… ” 的句型知道：他是如此累以致于不能再挪動(dòng)腳步了 。 推測(cè)出： “ exhausted” （ 近義詞 ） 是 “ tired”。 “ exhausted”即： “ 筋疲力盡 ” 的意思 例 14： Unlike his grandpa, who was quite friendly and loveable, Micheal’s grandfather was quite standoffish. friendly and loveable （ 反 義 詞 ） standoffish。 Standoffish 即： “ 冷淡的 ” 例 15： He had been getting better, but during the night his condition deteriorated. get better （ 反義詞 ） deteriorated。 deteriorated 即： “ 惡化 ” 例 16： His father despises him, while his mother loves him very much. despise （ 反義詞 ） love despise 即：“厭惡”，“不喜歡” 因果關(guān)系猜測(cè)詞義 當(dāng)生詞出現(xiàn)在含有 因果關(guān)系 的句子中 ， 可通過(guò)這種關(guān)系 ， 結(jié)合自身的 生活經(jīng)驗(yàn) 或 一般常識(shí) ， 對(duì)生詞進(jìn)行猜測(cè) 。 例 17： All the houses in the city collapsed during the earthquake. “earthquake” 這一原因得知 倒塌 “ collapse” 這一結(jié)果 例 18： He poured a basin of water on the fire, which was extinguished immediately. 因?yàn)闈娏怂?，所以火被extinguished“熄滅” 構(gòu)詞法猜測(cè)詞義 遇到陌生的詞或短語(yǔ)時(shí)，應(yīng)注意 前綴、后綴和詞根 ，以此來(lái)猜測(cè)詞義。 例 19： Thirty years ago, if a crime was mitted, society was considered the victim. Now, in a shocking reversal, it’s the criminal who is considered victimized. In the sentence, the word “victimized” means _____. A. to be responsible B. to suffer unfairly C. to be criticized D. to be the cause of the crime “victim”是 “ 受害者 ” 的意思， ize是 “ 使 …化，使成為 ” 的動(dòng)詞后綴，結(jié)合起來(lái)看， “ victimize”是 “ 成了受害者或犧牲品的意思 ” In the sentence, the word “victimized” means _____. A. to be responsible B. to suffer unfairly C. to be criticized D. to be the cause of the crime 例 20： Finally, renewable energy sources are used even though they are often expensive to develop. One form of these is geothermal energy. In certain parts of the world the temperature of the earth increases thirty degrees centigrade with each kilometer down. At six kilometers, therefore, it rises to nearly two hundred degrees. To get the heat, water is pumped down into the rocks and back up to the surface. Heat from the earth is already used in certain countries. The underlined words “geothermal energy” in the passage mean _____. A. renewable source B. underground source C. heat inside the earth D. temperature of the earth “geothermal”是個(gè)生詞，但它有一個(gè)典型的英語(yǔ)術(shù)語(yǔ)前綴，即 geo（地球，大地）。 在高考英語(yǔ)詞匯手冊(cè)中有 geography（地理）和 geology（地質(zhì)學(xué)） 這兩個(gè)詞。 常見(jiàn)的還有： geochemistry（地球化學(xué)）， geodynamics（地球動(dòng)力學(xué)）， geophysics（地球物理學(xué)），等等。 Finally, renewable energy sources are used even though they are often expensive to develop. One form of these is geothermal energy. In certain parts of the world the temperature of the earth increases thirty degrees centigrade with each kilometer down. At six kilometers, therefore, it rises to nearly two hundred degrees. To get the heat, water is pumped down into the rocks and back up to the surface. Heat from the earth is already used in certain countries. 這個(gè)詞與 地球、地質(zhì) 有關(guān)。而且下文又介紹說(shuō)，在地球上的某些地方每深入地下 1公里，地溫就升高 30度。在結(jié)尾處，作者還說(shuō)，地?zé)?在有些國(guó)家已得到了利用。 由此可見(jiàn)， geothermal energy是一種 產(chǎn)自地下的熱能 。 A. renewable source B. underground source C. heat inside the earth D. temperature of the earth Ex Everyone knows that college students drink wine in part to escape the pressure of studying. Drinking is a good way to fet about chemistry or position for a while, right? Well, this generalization may not be true. Drs. Elizabeth Parker and Ronald Alkana ran experiments showing that ethanol—pure booze—might aid memory if it is taken in moderate amounts immediately after learning something. At least that is what seems to have happened with drinking mice: they remembered an electric shock for an average of 110 seconds longer than their sober friends. So if alcohol affects human beings as it does mice, we may one day be drinking to remember rather than to fet. As is used in the passage, the word “sober” can be described as ____. B. not drunk C. awake D. sleepy Everyone knows that college students drink wine in part to escape the pressure of studying. Drinking is a good way to fet about chemistry or position for a while, right? Well, this generalization may not be true. Drs. Elizabeth Parker