【正文】 se是在汽車懸架以來最大的一個(gè)全獨(dú)立設(shè)計(jì)推出的進(jìn)步。圖 81前懸架模塊它是如何工作的呢，Bose在每個(gè)系統(tǒng)使用一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)的沖擊和彈簧安裝輪子代替線性電磁馬達(dá)（LEM的）。該發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的主要好處是，它們不是由傳統(tǒng)的慣性流體的阻尼器來實(shí)現(xiàn)限制。該輪的議案能夠在不論是什么在方向盤的情況都能進(jìn)行精細(xì)的控制，使該車體保持水平。LEM也可以抵消車身振動(dòng)，而加速，剎車和轉(zhuǎn)彎的時(shí)候，使司機(jī)的控制更加得心應(yīng)手。不幸的是，這種模式暫時(shí)將無法使用，直到2009年，將在一個(gè)或多個(gè)高檔豪華車提供。在此之前，司機(jī)必須依靠可靠的真實(shí)的經(jīng)得起百年考驗(yàn)的懸掛。附錄B 外文原文How Car Suspensions WorkBy William HarrisUniversity of MichiganWhen people think of automobile performance, they normally think of horsepower, torque and zeroto60 acceleration. But all of the power generated by a piston engine is useless if the driver can39。t control the car. That39。s why automobile engineers turned their attention to the suspension system almost as soon as they had mastered the fourstroke internal bustion engine.Doublewishbone suspension on Honda Accord 2005 CoupeThe job of a car suspension is to maximize the friction between the tires and the road surface, to provide steering stability with good handling and to ensure the fort of the passengers. In this article, we39。ll explore how car suspensions work, how they39。ve evolved over the years and where the design of suspensions is headed in the future.1. Vehicle Dynamics If a road were perfectly flat, with no irregularities, suspensions wouldn39。t be necessary. But roads are far from flat. Even freshly paved highways have subtle imperfections that can interact with the wheels of a car. It39。s these imperfections that apply forces to the wheels. According to Newton39。s laws of motion, all forces have both magnitude and direction. A bump in the road causes the wheel to move up and down perpendicular to the road surface. The magnitude, of course, depends on whether the wheel is striking a giant bump or a tiny speck. Either way, the car wheel experiences a vertical acceleration as it passes over an imperfection.Without an intervening structure, all of wheel39。s vertical energy is transferred to the frame, which moves in the same direction. In such a situation, the wheels can lose contact with the road pletely. Then, under the downward force of gravity, the wheels can slam back into the road surface. What you need is a system that will absorb the energy of the vertically accelerated wheel, allowing the frame and body to ride undisturbed while the wheels follow bumps in the road.The study of the forces at work on a moving car is called vehicle dynamics, and you need to understand some of these concepts in order to appreciate why a suspension is necessary in the first place. Most automobile engineers consider the dynamics of a moving car from two perspectives:1) Ride a car39。s ability to smooth out a bumpy road2) Handling a car39。s ability to safely accelerate, brake and corner These two characteristics can be further described in three important principles road isolation, road holding and cornering. The table below describes these principles and how engineers attempt to solve the challenges unique to each.A car39。s suspension, with its various ponents, provides all of the solutions described.2. The Chassis SystemThe suspension of a car is actually part of the chassis, which prises all of the important systems located beneath the car39。s body. Figure 21 ChassisThese systems include: 1) The frame structural, loadcarrying ponent that supports the car39。s engine and body, which are in turn supported by the suspension 2) The suspension system setup that supports weight, absorbs and dampens shock and helps maintain tire contact 3) The steering system mechanism that enables the driver to guide and direct the vehicle 4) The tires and wheels ponents that make vehicle motion possible by way of grip and/or friction with the road So the suspension is just one of the major systems in any vehicle. With this bigpicture overview in mind, it39。s time to look at the three fundamental ponents of any suspension: springs, dampers and antisway bars. 3. Springs Today39。s springing systems are based on one of four basic designs:1）Coil springs This is the most mon type of spring and is, in essence, a heavyduty torsion bar coiled around an axis. Coil springs press and expand to absorb the motion of the wheels.2）Leaf springs This type of spring consists of several layers of metal (called leaves) bound together to act as a single unit. Leaf springs were first used on horsedrawn carriages and were found on most American automobiles until 1985. They are still used today on most trucks and heavyduty vehicles.3）Torsion bars Torsion bars use the twisting properties of a steel bar to provide coilspringlike performance. This is how they work: One end of a bar is anchored to the vehicle frame. The other end is attached to a wishbone, which acts like a lever that moves perpendicular to the torsion bar. When the wheel hits a bump, vertical motion is transferred to the wishbone and then, through the levering action, to the torsion bar. The torsion bar then twists along its axis to provide the spring force. European carmakers used this system extensively, as did Packard and Chrysler in the United States, through the 1950s and 1960s.4）Air springs Air springs, which consist of a cylindrical chamber of air positioned between the wheel and the car39。s body, use the pressive qualities of air to absorb wheel vibrations. The concept is actually more than a century old and could be found on horsedrawn buggies. Air springs from this era were made from airfilled, leather diaphragms, much like a bellows。 they were replaced with moldedrubber air springs in the 1930s.Based on where springs are located on a car ., between the wheels and the frame engineers often find it convenient to talk about the sprung mass and the unstrung mass.4. Sprung and Unstrung MassThe sprung mass is the mass of the vehicle supported on the springs, while the unstrung mass is loosely defined as the mass between the road and the suspension springs. The stiffness of the springs affects how t