試論模塊化網(wǎng)絡(luò)組織的契約性質(zhì)與產(chǎn)權(quán)治理-資料下載頁(yè)
2025-06-28 17:11本頁(yè)面
【正文】 部性的產(chǎn)品容易成為產(chǎn)業(yè)中事實(shí)上的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，并使擁有私人物品或俱樂(lè)部標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的企業(yè)獲取高額利潤(rùn)。在新經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)代，只強(qiáng)調(diào)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，而不強(qiáng)調(diào)有效率合作行為，或只強(qiáng)調(diào)靜態(tài)比較優(yōu)勢(shì)，而不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)態(tài)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)優(yōu)勢(shì)的傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟(jì)理論并不能很好地指導(dǎo)中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。通過(guò)對(duì)模塊化網(wǎng)絡(luò)組織契約與產(chǎn)權(quán)治理的分析，可以為中國(guó)產(chǎn)業(yè)或企業(yè)發(fā)展提供幾點(diǎn)啟示。（1）通過(guò)產(chǎn)業(yè)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)要素與資源的模塊化分解與整合是提高企業(yè)或產(chǎn)業(yè)資源使用效率，實(shí)現(xiàn)產(chǎn)業(yè)與企業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的有效方法。（2）因?yàn)槟K化契約網(wǎng)絡(luò)使生產(chǎn)要素和中間產(chǎn)品契約呈現(xiàn)極具效率的排列組合，所以企業(yè)要利用柔性契約網(wǎng)絡(luò)尋求組織合作的擴(kuò)展，以組織或契約接近在全球整合資源。（3）在企業(yè)參與全球價(jià)值鏈分工時(shí)，可以拿出自己的生產(chǎn)要素參與一個(gè)或多個(gè)最終產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)的模塊化網(wǎng)絡(luò)；而在國(guó)際并購(gòu)時(shí)，也可以并購(gòu)對(duì)方企業(yè)的部分生產(chǎn)要素、或生產(chǎn)環(huán)節(jié)；或者說(shuō)模塊化環(huán)節(jié)的定位比企業(yè)整體定位更為重要。（4）參與全球產(chǎn)品內(nèi)分工的企業(yè)要找準(zhǔn)自己在模塊化網(wǎng)絡(luò)組織中的定位；有社會(huì)資本優(yōu)勢(shì)或技術(shù)優(yōu)勢(shì)的企業(yè)要力爭(zhēng)成為系統(tǒng)規(guī)則設(shè)計(jì)者或產(chǎn)業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制造者；具有一定實(shí)力的中小企業(yè)也要在專業(yè)化的基礎(chǔ)上向模塊化價(jià)值鏈更高的環(huán)節(jié)升級(jí)，增加不可替代性。（5）因?yàn)槟K化產(chǎn)業(yè)中標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制定者的特殊地位，政府應(yīng)重點(diǎn)扶持擁有私人物品性質(zhì)產(chǎn)業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的企業(yè)，也要鼓勵(lì)企業(yè)更多地參與俱樂(lè)部式的國(guó)際專利聯(lián)盟，同時(shí)要鼓勵(lì)企業(yè)利用共公品性質(zhì)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)參與全球分工。（6）在產(chǎn)業(yè)組織不斷模塊化的背景下，發(fā)展現(xiàn)代服務(wù)業(yè)外包可以進(jìn)一步分解全球產(chǎn)業(yè)或產(chǎn)品價(jià)值鏈，使競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手原有優(yōu)勢(shì)弱化，并分享模塊化價(jià)值鏈更多價(jià)值環(huán)節(jié)的利潤(rùn)。[參考文獻(xiàn)]〔1〕李海艦,——從SCP到DIM[J].中國(guó)工業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì), 2007, (7).〔2〕李海艦,：基于案例的視角[J].中國(guó)工業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì), 2008, (8).〔3〕:戰(zhàn)略聯(lián)盟研究的新領(lǐng)域[M].上海:復(fù)旦大學(xué)出版社, 2006.〔4〕劉茂松,[J].中國(guó)工業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì),2004,(9).〔5〕劉茂松,[J].中國(guó)工業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì), 2006, (5).〔6〕羅珉,:界面規(guī)則的演進(jìn)與內(nèi)在機(jī)理研究[M].中國(guó)工業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì), 2010, (1).〔7〕[M].上海:上海遠(yuǎn)東出版社,2001.〔8〕余東華,[J].中國(guó)工業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì),2008,(12).〔9〕Benassi,M. Investigating Modular Organizations[J]. Journal of Management and Governance, 2009,(3).〔10〕Bourreau, M., Dogan ,P., Manant, M. Modularity and Product Innovation in Digital Markets[J]. Review of Network Economics,2007,(2):175193.〔11〕Farrell, J., Saloner, G. Converters, Compatibility, and the Control of Interfaces. Journal of Industrial Economics, 1992, (1).〔12〕Lerner,J., Strojwas,M. and Tirole,J. The Structure and Performance of Patent Pools: Empirical Evidence [R]. Working Paper of Harvard University and NBER, 2003.〔13〕Shy,O. The Economics of Network Industries[M]. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001.The Contract Nature and Property Rights Governance of Modularized Network Organizations[Abstract] Modularized network organization is essentially a flexible contract network formed by many contracts of intermediate products. Through different permutation and bination of intermediate products, modularized contract network enhances the efficiency of industrial and enterprises. The contractual governance of modularized networks is different from that of the hierarchical organization in the industrial economy. The core of property right governance in modularized network organization is allocation of cooperative surplus. Under the condition of industrial organization modularization, the one who owns the standards of private goods or the club goods often gets high profits.[Key Words] Modularized Network Organization；Contract；Property Rights；Cooperative Surplus11 /
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