【正文】 Fiqure 5 shows the stroketime behaviour , which is attained by the sketched pair of gears. The gear wheels are represented by their rollcurves. The conventional cosine curve at 25/min is given for parison. In addition to the reduction of cycle time by 20%, the ram velocity of impact onto the sheet is also considerably mm before the lower dead center, the velocity of impact is 700 mmls when using the crank mechanism and only 410 mm/s when operated with noncircular gears. A second example shows a drive mechanism as is used for forging. In fioure 6, stroketime behaviour of a conventional forging crank press is pared with the kinematics of the press with noncircular gears illustrated in the cycle time of the crank press is s, the number of strokes is 85/min and the nominal force is 20 pressure dwell time is 86 ms with a forming section of 50 mm. The pressure dwell of the press depicted with noncircular gears decreases by 67% to 28 ms. It thus reaches the magnitude familiar from hammers. By increasing the number of strokes by a factor of , the cycle time decreases by 33% to 46 ms. In spite of this,the handling time remains the same pared to conventional crank press on account of the kinematics of the noncircular gears. In order to achieve these kinematics in this case, a conventional circular gear may be used as driving gear, arranged eccentrically. This reduces the costs for gear examples show that different kinematics can be achieved by using noncircular gears in press drives At the same time the potential of this drive with respect to the realization of the desired kinematics bees clear as does the reduction of cycle times in production. By varying the examples it is also possible to increase the velocity after inpact in deep drawing operations if :his sequence of motions is advantageous for the range of pans to be produced on the press, for reasons of lubrication, for example.5 ConclusionsThe requirements of high productivity, reduced costs and the guarantee of high product quality to which all manufacturing panies are exposed, applies particularly to panies in the field of metal working. This situation leads us to reconsider the press drive mechanism in use up to now.The new drive for crank presses with noncircular gears described here allows us to optimize the kinematics of simple mechanical presses. This means that the cycle time is shortened to achieve high productivity and the kinematics follows the requirements of the forming design effort needed is low. In contrast to presses with link drives, other kinematics can be achieved during the construction of the press by using other gears without changing bearing locations This allows the modularization and standardization of presses.6 AcknowledgementThe authors would like to express their appreciation to the German Machine Tool Builders Association (VDW), located in FrankfurVGermany, for its financial assistance and to some members for their active support.7 References[ I ] Bernard, J., 1992, Optimization of Mechanism Timing Using Noncircular Gearing, Mechanical Design and Synthesis, Vol. 46, p. 565570.[2] Doege, E., Hindersmann, M., 1996, Fertigungsgerechte Kurbelpressenkinematik durch Unrundzahnrader. VDIZ Special Antriebstechnik 1/96, p. 7477.[31 Doege, E., Nagele, H., 1994, FESimulation of the Precision Forging Process of Bevel Gears, Annals of the CIRP, Vol. 43, p. 241244.[4] Hindersmann, M., Betke, V., 1996, Unrunde Zahnrader ein wiederentdecktes Maschinenelement, Konstruktion, Vol. 48, p. 256262.[5] Litvin, F. L.: 1994, Gear qeometrv and applied theory,PTR Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs (NJ, .).[6] Niemitz, D., 1992, Anforderungen an Grof3raumstufenpressen。Pflichtenheft fur die Auftragsvergabe. In:Blechbearbeitung 39。92, Int. Congress 27 ,VDIBericht, Vol. 946, .[7] Ogawa. K., Yokoyama, Y., Koshiba, T., 1973, Studies on the Noncircular Planetary Gear Mechanisms with Nonuniform Motion, Bulletin of the JSME, Vol. 16. p. 14331442. 附錄二：英文文獻(xiàn)翻譯 非圓齒輪與機(jī)械壓力機(jī)運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)優(yōu)化 1997年1月8日研制摘要：使用金屬成形方法來(lái)加工生產(chǎn)零件的質(zhì)量很大取決于壓力桿。在機(jī)械壓力傳動(dòng)時(shí)，有一種依賴(lài)于驅(qū)動(dòng)旋轉(zhuǎn)角度速度比的非圓齒輪，提供了一種獲得這么動(dòng)作時(shí)間的新途徑，我們致力于為不同的優(yōu)化金屬成型運(yùn)作的制造。本文闡述了由漢諾威的大學(xué)研究所建成的金屬成形和金屬成形加工機(jī)床的使用原型原則，它就是目前運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)以及在原型產(chǎn)生的力和力矩。此外，本文展示了如何使用拉深和鍛造的一個(gè)例子，幾乎所有的金屬成形操作可有利用于機(jī)械傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)的非圓齒輪。關(guān)鍵詞：壓力，齒輪，運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)。1. 簡(jiǎn)介 提高質(zhì)量的要求在生產(chǎn)工程制造，所有的金屬成形以及在鍛造，有必要去攜手制定生產(chǎn)經(jīng)濟(jì)。日益增長(zhǎng)的市場(chǎng)定位要求技術(shù)和經(jīng)濟(jì)條件都得到滿足。提高質(zhì)量、生產(chǎn)力、生產(chǎn)手段的創(chuàng)新解決方案,是一種用來(lái)維持和擴(kuò)大的市場(chǎng)地位的關(guān)鍵所在。所生產(chǎn)的金屬部件,我們需要分清期間所需的形成過(guò)程和處理零件所需的時(shí)間。隨著我們必須添加一些必要的額外工作，例如冷卻或潤(rùn)滑的模具一次成型過(guò)程。根據(jù)質(zhì)量和產(chǎn)量?jī)蓚€(gè)方面，產(chǎn)生了兩個(gè)最優(yōu)化方法。為了滿足這兩個(gè)方面，我們的任務(wù)是設(shè)計(jì)運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)形成過(guò)程中考慮到該進(jìn)程的要求，也考慮到的是改變部分以及與一個(gè)優(yōu)先線輔助運(yùn)作所需的時(shí)間短周期的時(shí)間。2. 壓力機(jī)的要求 一個(gè)生產(chǎn)周期,這相當(dāng)于一個(gè)沖程來(lái)回壓的過(guò)程,大致經(jīng)歷了三個(gè)階段:加載、成型和移除零件。相反,在加載和移除零件階段，我們經(jīng)常發(fā)現(xiàn)送料的薄板,尤其是在純粹的切割時(shí)候。為此，壓力泵必須要一個(gè)確定時(shí)間的最小高度。成型周期中桿應(yīng)該有一個(gè)特別速度曲線,它將會(huì)降到最低。這個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)變期之間應(yīng)盡快來(lái)確保短周期時(shí)間。短周期的要求是事件的原因,以確保通過(guò)高產(chǎn)量低成本的部分。基于這個(gè)原因，關(guān)于對(duì)大型汽車(chē)車(chē)身沖壓片機(jī)和自動(dòng)1200/min、拉深24/min的沖程數(shù)是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的做法。增加沖程數(shù)是為了減少設(shè)計(jì)的周期變化導(dǎo)致增加的壓實(shí)機(jī)械應(yīng)變率, 然而，這對(duì)成形過(guò)程有很明顯影響,使它必須考慮參數(shù)確定過(guò)程和被它所影響。在拉深成形過(guò)程中,當(dāng)敲打板塊時(shí)的撞擊速度應(yīng)盡量避免產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)影響。一方面,速度成形時(shí)必須充分潤(rùn)滑。另一方面,我們必須要考慮提高產(chǎn)量的相應(yīng)的壓力來(lái)增加造成更大的應(yīng)變速率力,這可能導(dǎo)致沖床半徑一側(cè)的一部分過(guò)渡疲勞而導(dǎo)致斷裂。在鍛造時(shí)，停留時(shí)間短的壓力是可取的。隨著停留時(shí)間的壓力下降了模具的表面溫度將降低，其結(jié)果是熱磨損。這是提高抵消了由于機(jī)械磨損形成更大的力量，但由于增加的應(yīng)變率是較低的，因?yàn)檩^低的部分冷卻屈服應(yīng)力補(bǔ)償。目前，最佳短住壓力可以用有限元分析法萊分析。此外,避免由于成本降低磨損、短壓住時(shí)間也是一個(gè)重要的技術(shù)要求的精密鍛造，近凈形部分有一個(gè)光明的未來(lái)。 高質(zhì)量的要求和高產(chǎn)量將只能通過(guò)一個(gè)機(jī)技術(shù),考慮到金屬成形過(guò)程的考察要求等同于減少工作的目標(biāo)成本。以前按設(shè)計(jì)已經(jīng)不能同時(shí)滿足這些技術(shù)要求和經(jīng)濟(jì)的充分程度，或他們是非常昂貴的設(shè)計(jì)和制造，例如鏈接驅(qū)動(dòng)壓力機(jī)。這就需要尋找對(duì)泵創(chuàng)新設(shè)計(jì)的解決方案，它的設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)主要標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化，模塊化，以降低成本。3．非圓齒輪的壓力傳動(dòng) 原則 使用非圓齒輪傳動(dòng)機(jī)械曲柄壓力機(jī)，它提供了一種新方式的技術(shù)和經(jīng)濟(jì)需求的壓力桿運(yùn)動(dòng)。一對(duì)非圓齒輪有不變的中心距, 因此采用了電動(dòng)馬達(dá)，或由飛輪、曲柄和驅(qū)動(dòng)機(jī)制本身。制服驅(qū)動(dòng)器的速度傳送是通過(guò)一對(duì)非圓齒輪傳遞給非均勻的偏心軸。如果非圓齒輪的適當(dāng)設(shè)計(jì)，從動(dòng)齒輪的非均勻驅(qū)動(dòng)器會(huì)導(dǎo)致泵所需的行程時(shí)間行為。調(diào)查中心的金屬成形和金屬成型機(jī)床(IFUM)漢諾威的大學(xué)已經(jīng)表明,在這個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的方式所有相關(guān)的壓力桿的連續(xù)運(yùn)動(dòng)，可以達(dá)到各種成形過(guò)程。此外從運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)和縮短生產(chǎn)周期，驅(qū)動(dòng)概念導(dǎo)致新的驅(qū)動(dòng)器的優(yōu)點(diǎn)被以下的良好性能所區(qū)分。因?yàn)樗且粋€(gè)機(jī)械壓力機(jī)，它具有高可靠性、低維護(hù)性和可預(yù)期性。對(duì)連桿壓力機(jī)的數(shù)量和軸承零件顯然是減少。首先，一個(gè)基本泵類(lèi)型可以通過(guò)安裝不同的齒輪而進(jìn)一步改變?cè)O(shè)計(jì)，它根據(jù)客戶的要求而設(shè)計(jì)。不同環(huán)節(jié)的驅(qū)動(dòng)器，軸承的安裝位置不會(huì)隨著單一載荷方向的不同運(yùn)動(dòng)而改變。因此，上述要求的模塊化和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化是考慮到時(shí)間和成本，它降低了設(shè)計(jì)和沖壓生產(chǎn)成本。 原型在金屬成型和金屬成型工具機(jī)（IFUM）1架的c型泵，它已經(jīng)進(jìn)行了修整和安裝了非圓齒輪副。為達(dá)到這種目的，先前的背輪背一個(gè)行星齒輪組做取代。這項(xiàng)工作表明了存在的新型傳動(dòng)印刷機(jī)是可能的，在最后對(duì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)壓力泵的改造在Fig. 1中進(jìn)行說(shuō)明。圖表1 壓力機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)是為了所受1000KN的柱塞力和200KN的沖壓模具緩沖力。 這一對(duì)非圓齒輪傳動(dòng)比平均為1，每個(gè)齒輪輪齒有59，直齒，模數(shù)10mm（圖2）齒面寬是150mm，這些齒輪有漸開(kāi)線輪齒。我假設(shè)了非圓曲線設(shè)計(jì)是以側(cè)面幾何設(shè)計(jì)