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多路數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計論文-資料下載頁

2025-06-27 15:47本頁面
  

【正文】 software algorithms to prevent this from happening. If we develop the automated data tracking algorithm to automatically track each channel data to determine whether the channel in a stable state, and only the stability of data acquisition, the volatility of other data. In addition, the software can also add some filtering algorithm (such as limiting filter, etc.) to filter out manmade interference or other factors caused by the mutation data. Limiting filter for(1)Figure 3 channel switching, the data volatilityWhen the new collected data and the data before a difference to the absolute value of more than one set of values that the data is invalid, and the previous data from the current data. Data Analysis ModuleIn the data analysis module can be added if the algorithm analysis, graphics display and print output, and other useful features, such as gyroscopes and stability in the standard deviation algorithm can function in the course of testing realtime calculation of zero stability, and through chart shows. Zero stability calculation formula as follows:(2)According to first(2) to prepare an algorithm function, and then call in the analysis module. Analysis module diagram of the procedure shown in Figure 4.Figure 4 data analysis process flow chartBecause the system uses multithreaded technology, in the cycle of operation and will not affect the acquisition module39。s operation. The module also in its algorithm in the function of any expansion, forming a algorithm to adapt to different procedures for data analysis.In addition, software design, a friendly user interface is necessary in the process of the functions from the package, through a unified interface to users, to reduce operating difficulties and enhance efficiency.4 system test resultsFigure 5 to 8 in the analysis of data acquisition systems, at the same time two threeaxis gyro and a single axis gyroscope total of seven road test data of the situation. Its precise data collection, data analysis can be conducted at the same time, and through realtime charts, userfriendly, easy to operate.Figure 5 8 Data Collection and Analysis System5 ConclusionMultichannel data acquisition and analysis system for the hardware requirements simple, easy to set up, can be applied to various tests occasions, it can also test multiple products, thereby reducing the cost and enhance efficiency. As a result of a multithreaded technology, the speed of data acquisition systems and hardware only (instrument) and the response speed of the speed of Communication. With the collection and analysis software algorithm has nothing to do.PAD programming tools can be used to develop a data collection, data analysis, graphics display and print output, and other powerful features and friendly user interface of our software. Software modular design and easy to carry out expansion, according to different algorithm for data analysis at the request of upgrades, and hardware can remain the same. The system give full play to the use of puters and measuring instruments of mutual munication, automation and test advantage.多路數(shù)據(jù)采集與分析系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計及應(yīng)用摘要:介紹了用一臺PC機(jī)和一臺測量儀表組成的8路數(shù)據(jù)采集與分析系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)可并行測多個產(chǎn)品,從而降低測試成本,提高工作效率。給出了系統(tǒng)硬件結(jié)構(gòu)和軟件流程圖,并介紹了該系統(tǒng)在陀螺測試中應(yīng)用。關(guān)鍵詞:通信端口;數(shù)據(jù)采集;陀螺;測試隨著計算機(jī)技術(shù)的發(fā)展和測量儀表的數(shù)字化,通常利用計算機(jī)和測量儀表相互通信進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)的實(shí)時采集,并利用計算機(jī)強(qiáng)大的運(yùn)算能力進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)的分析處理。特別在數(shù)據(jù)量大、測量時間長的場合,如陀螺零位穩(wěn)定性測試,利用計算機(jī)對測量儀表進(jìn)行自動控制、自動數(shù)據(jù)采集分析顯得尤為重要,可節(jié)省大量人力和物力,提高工作效率,降低成本,常規(guī)的測試法通常一臺測量儀表在同一時間只能測試一個產(chǎn)品,即一臺計算機(jī)和一臺測量儀表組成的測試系統(tǒng)只能進(jìn)行串行測試。若要同時測試多個產(chǎn)品,就需多個系統(tǒng),在測試產(chǎn)品量較大時,工作效率低,如組成多套測試系統(tǒng),增加了成本。先介紹一個用一臺PC機(jī)和一臺測量儀表組成的8路數(shù)據(jù)采集與分析系統(tǒng),可同時進(jìn)行多套產(chǎn)品的測試,在不增加成本的基礎(chǔ)上,充分發(fā)揮了計算機(jī)自動測試的優(yōu)勢,提高了工作效率。1 系統(tǒng)原理該系統(tǒng)有硬件系統(tǒng)和軟件系統(tǒng)組成。一臺PC機(jī)通過RS232端口和一臺測量儀表相連接,PC機(jī)并行端口(LPT)和一個8路通道選擇器相連,一個8路連接頭將通道選擇器分別與多個測試產(chǎn)品連接。系統(tǒng)的工作原理如圖1所示。測試過程中,計算機(jī)通過并行端口控制8路通道選擇器,分別打開不同的通道,各通道數(shù)據(jù)通過選擇器傳送到測量儀表中,測量儀表再通過RS232端口把數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)送到計算機(jī)中保存,在一個周期內(nèi)完成所有通道的數(shù)據(jù)采集,這樣就實(shí)現(xiàn)了同時測試多個產(chǎn)品的功能。圖1 系統(tǒng)工作原理框圖在整個測試過程中,所有的控制操作都有軟件自動完成,不需人為干預(yù)。2 硬件設(shè)計該系統(tǒng)主要是用計算機(jī)自帶的RS232通信端口和數(shù)字化測量儀表的通信端口連接通信,再利用LPT并行端口對一個8路通道選擇器進(jìn)行通道控制。8路通道選擇器利用一個8選1的模擬開關(guān)和相關(guān)電路組成,它的控制信號由計算機(jī)的并行端口提供,并滿足表1所示。表1 通道選擇器和通信端口輸出的對應(yīng)關(guān)系通信端口輸出二進(jìn)制碼通道選擇器選擇通道00001100122010330114410055101661107711188路通道選擇器業(yè)可使用單片機(jī),但需額外的控制,選擇RS232串口作為數(shù)據(jù)傳輸端口,是因?yàn)镽S232端口是計算機(jī)和測量儀表上的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)配置,相互通信不需額外的硬件,使用方便。另外,串行通信一次只傳1個位,處理的數(shù)據(jù)電壓只有一個標(biāo)準(zhǔn)電位,因此較不易發(fā)生數(shù)據(jù)錯誤。并行端口可在一次的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸中傳輸8個位,數(shù)據(jù)傳輸速度快,但易發(fā)生數(shù)據(jù)干擾。在傳輸距離較短、傳輸?shù)臄?shù)據(jù)量較大的情況下,可采用并行端口(如GPIB、LPT等)進(jìn)行通信。另外,由于LPT端口可并行傳輸信號,因此適合用作通道選擇器的控制端口。系統(tǒng)工作過程中,通道控制好模塊和數(shù)據(jù)采集模塊的同步顯得特別重要,因?yàn)椴煌ǖ赖臄?shù)據(jù)需要存儲在對應(yīng)的數(shù)據(jù)緩沖池中,這由軟件進(jìn)行控制。3 軟件設(shè)計軟件設(shè)計是整個系統(tǒng)中最重要的部分。軟件系統(tǒng)從下至上可分為通信協(xié)議層、功能模塊和用戶界面三層。在軟件設(shè)計中采用Windows多線程技術(shù),此技術(shù)進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)采集可有效加快程序的反應(yīng)速度,增加執(zhí)行的效率。該程序中采用一個單獨(dú)的線程進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)采集,如此能量最大限度的保證采集的實(shí)時性;采用另一個線程同時進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)處理,這樣避免了單線程程序同一時間只能執(zhí)行一個功能的缺點(diǎn)。尤其當(dāng)采集的數(shù)據(jù)量大、數(shù)據(jù)處理任務(wù)重時,采用多線程技術(shù)將極大地提高整個系統(tǒng)的工作效率。 數(shù)據(jù)采集模塊數(shù)據(jù)采集模塊把8個通道的數(shù)據(jù)在一個周期內(nèi)全部采集到計算機(jī)中,并保存在和通道號相應(yīng)的數(shù)據(jù)緩沖器中。其程序框圖如圖2所示。圖2數(shù)據(jù)采集程序流程圖程序開始時,控制同代選擇器和存儲數(shù)據(jù)的緩沖器同時切換到相同的通道號,循環(huán)采集8路數(shù)據(jù)和進(jìn)行指令判斷,在沒有接受到結(jié)束指令時,一直做循環(huán)采集。多通道數(shù)據(jù)采集過程易發(fā)生數(shù)據(jù)的相互干擾,特別是在通道的快速切換時,數(shù)據(jù)易發(fā)生波動,如圖3所示。這時若進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)采集,將采集到錯誤的數(shù)據(jù),故需在軟件中加入一些算法來避免這種情況發(fā)生。如我們開發(fā)的數(shù)據(jù)自動跟蹤算法能自動跟蹤每個通道的數(shù)據(jù),判斷該通道是否處于穩(wěn)定狀態(tài),且只采集穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)的數(shù)據(jù),忽略其他的波動數(shù)據(jù)。另外,還可在軟件中加入一些濾波算法(如限幅濾波法等)過濾掉人為或其他干擾因素所造成的突變數(shù)據(jù)。限幅濾波算法為(1)圖3 通道快速切換時出現(xiàn)的數(shù)據(jù)波動當(dāng)新采集到的數(shù)據(jù)和前一個數(shù)據(jù)的差的絕對值超過一個給定的值時 ,認(rèn)為該數(shù)據(jù)無效,而取前一個數(shù)據(jù)為當(dāng)前數(shù)據(jù)。 數(shù)據(jù)分析模塊在數(shù)據(jù)分析模塊中可以加如算法分析、圖表顯示和打印輸出等有用的功能,如陀螺零位穩(wěn)定性標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差算法功能就可在測試過程中實(shí)時計算零位穩(wěn)定性,并通過圖表顯示。零位穩(wěn)定性計算式為:(2)先根據(jù)式(2)編寫出一個算法函數(shù),然后在分析模塊中調(diào)用。分析模塊的程序框圖如圖4所示。圖4 數(shù)據(jù)分析程序流程圖由于系統(tǒng)采用了多線程技術(shù),在分析循環(huán)運(yùn)行時并不會影響采集模塊的運(yùn)行。在該模塊中還可對其算法功能進(jìn)行任意的擴(kuò)充,形成一個算法程序庫以適應(yīng)不同的數(shù)據(jù)分析。另外,在軟件設(shè)計中,一個友好的用戶界面是必須的,把 從程序中的功能封裝起來,通過一個統(tǒng)一的界面提供給用戶,有利于降低操作難度,提高工作效率。4 系統(tǒng)測試結(jié)果圖5為8路數(shù)據(jù)采集于分析系統(tǒng),同時進(jìn)行2個三軸陀螺和1個單軸陀螺共7路數(shù)據(jù)的測試情況。其采集的數(shù)據(jù)精確,能同時進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析,并通過圖表實(shí)時顯示,界面友好、操作方便。圖5 8路數(shù)據(jù)采集與分析系統(tǒng)5 結(jié)束語 多路數(shù)據(jù)采集與分析系統(tǒng)對硬件的要求簡單,容易組建,可應(yīng)用在各種測試場合,它可同時測試多個產(chǎn)品,從而降低測試成本,提高工作效率。由于采用了多線程技術(shù),該系統(tǒng)的數(shù)據(jù)采集速度只與硬件(測量儀表)的響應(yīng)速度和不斷口通信速度有關(guān)。而與軟件采集和分析算法無關(guān)。利用PAD編程工具可開發(fā)出具有數(shù)據(jù)采集、數(shù)據(jù)分析、圖表顯示及打印輸出等強(qiáng)大功能和友好用戶界面的配套軟件。軟件按模塊化設(shè)計,易進(jìn)行功能擴(kuò)充,可根據(jù)不同數(shù)據(jù)分析算法的要求進(jìn)行升級,而硬件可保持不變。該系統(tǒng)充分發(fā)揮了利用計算機(jī)和測量儀表相互通信,進(jìn)行自動化控制和測試的優(yōu)勢。
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