【正文】 itants.b. The municipal government has paid full attention to the housing conditions of the urban inhabitants.膾炙人口的傳統(tǒng)京劇《白蛇傳》講的是源自明朝的故事。The White Snake, one of the most popular traditional Peking operas, is based on a story handed down from the Ming Dynasty.意大利著名旅游家馬可波羅曾這樣敘述他印象中的杭州：“這是世界上最美妙迷人的城市，它使人覺(jué)得自己是在天堂?！盩he famous Italian traveler Marco Polo was so impressed by the beauty of Hangzhou that he described it as “the most fascinating city in the world, where one feels as if he was in paradise.” 英雄造時(shí)勢(shì)，時(shí)勢(shì)造英雄。Heroes create the times, the times produce their heroes.一踏進(jìn)門檻，屋子里的混亂景象使我吃了一驚。Crossing the threshold, I was taken aback by the mess in the house.四川被稱為“天府之國(guó)”。Sichuan is noted as the “Land of Abundance”. 語(yǔ)序的調(diào)整英、漢相同點(diǎn)：“主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)＋賓語(yǔ)”（ＳＶＯ）或“施事＋行為＋受事”為基本語(yǔ)序英、漢相異點(diǎn)：句內(nèi)的語(yǔ)序的靈活性，以及定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等次要成分位置的差異，漢譯英需要調(diào)整語(yǔ)序l 句內(nèi)主要成分位置的調(diào)整沙發(fā)上坐著一個(gè)人。A man was sitting on a couch.馬可波羅的中國(guó)之行，給他留下最深刻印象的是杭州西湖之秀美。The beauty of the West Lake in Hangzhou was what impressed Marco Polo most during his trip to China.l 狀語(yǔ)位置的調(diào)整漢語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)的位置一般在主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)之間，呈“主語(yǔ)→狀語(yǔ)→謂語(yǔ)→賓語(yǔ)”模式；英語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)一般出現(xiàn)在賓語(yǔ)后的句尾，呈“主語(yǔ)→謂語(yǔ)→賓語(yǔ)→狀語(yǔ)”模式。1) 我們明天上午九時(shí)動(dòng)身。We are going to start at nine tomorrow morning.2) 這本書是三天前買的。The book was bought three days ago.3) 他每晚都要看電視。He watches TV every evening.4) 在機(jī)器中很多能量是由于部件之間的摩擦而損失的。In a machine a great deal of energy is lost because of the friction between its parts.5) 他們很細(xì)心地觀察化學(xué)變化。They observed the chemical reaction with great care.They observed with great care the chemical reaction.6) 他們肩并肩地以瘋狂速度向那座石塔奔去。They ran side by side at a fantastic speed towards the stone pagoda.Side by side and at a fantastic speed they ran towards the stone pagoda.Side by side they ran at a fantastic speed towards the stone pagoda.l 一系列表示時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，方式狀語(yǔ)位置的調(diào)整在漢語(yǔ)中通常排列為“時(shí)間→地點(diǎn)→方式→動(dòng)詞”的順序，而在英語(yǔ)中則通常排列為“動(dòng)詞→方式→地點(diǎn)→時(shí)間”的順序。大會(huì)將于①今年九月②在北京③隆重開幕。The meeting will begin ceremoniously in Beijing the following September.①他每晚②都在圖書館③用心讀書。He reads hard in the library every evening.他①一九三五年②八月③二十二日④早晨⑤六點(diǎn)三十分誕生在⑴湖南的⑵一個(gè)小縣城。He was born in a small town of Hunan Province at six thirty on the morning of August 22, 1935.設(shè)在位于①紐約市②中心③一座摩天大樓④第四十層樓里的⑤那間辦公室，就是他工作的小天地。The office on the fortieth floor of a skyscraper in the center of New York City is the world he works in.l 定語(yǔ)位置的調(diào)整浩瀚的大海The vast sea古老的中原文化The timehonored Central Plain culture舉世聞名的萬(wàn)里長(zhǎng)城The worldfamous Great Wall一九四九年解放以前，中國(guó)人民曾經(jīng)遭受①世界罕見的②惡性通貨膨脹的災(zāi)禍。Before liberation in 1949 the Chinese people suffered from ②some of the worst inflation①the world had ever known.①中國(guó)現(xiàn)存②規(guī)模最大③保存最完好的古代建筑群。③the bestpreserved ②magnificent ancient architectural plexes①in China第五章 翻譯十大原則1) 動(dòng)賓連接原則：翻譯動(dòng)賓短語(yǔ)時(shí)，先考慮賓語(yǔ)的成分l 中國(guó)人民始終希望天下太平，希望各國(guó)人民友好相處。The Chinese people are always looking forward to global peace and friendship among all nations.The Chinese people are always hoping that the world is at peace and people of all nations will coexist friendlily.l avoid the stupid and shortsighted traps擺脫束縛打破禁錮擺脫羈絆2) 時(shí)態(tài)原則l 中華民族歷來(lái)愛(ài)好自由和和平。The Chinese people have always been cherishing freedom and peace.The Chinese people always cherish freedom and peace.The Chinese people are always cherishing freedom and peace.l 中國(guó)過(guò)去是、現(xiàn)在是、將來(lái)是……China was, remains to bel 中國(guó)人民更深感自由與和平的珍貴。The Chinese people have cherished freedom and peace than ever.l After all, China and Cuba and other targets of . –led criticism in the mittee were always going to vote and lobby against Washington.畢竟中國(guó)、古巴等一些在人權(quán)委員會(huì)中受到以美國(guó)為首批評(píng)的國(guó)家，總是投票或游說(shuō)反對(duì)美國(guó)政府。虛擬語(yǔ)氣用“本應(yīng)當(dāng)……”3) 主語(yǔ)確定原則l 這一目標(biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn)，最直接的應(yīng)該是老百姓住得更寬敞了，更舒服了。The citizens will live more spaciously and fortably, benefiting most directly from achieving the goal.（重新確定主語(yǔ)）l 其實(shí)，撇開數(shù)學(xué)，繞過(guò)那一大堆公式，一門學(xué)科的基本思想還是可以被我們理解和欣賞的。To be frank, if we leave aside mathematics and bypass the abundant formulas, the basic principles of the discipline (of science) are understandable and appreciable.（增補(bǔ)主語(yǔ)）l They cannot control who crosses their borders either physically or culturally.無(wú)論是外人入境，或是文化入侵，政府都已無(wú)能為力。（重新確定主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)變主語(yǔ)）注：there be 句型：狀語(yǔ)變主語(yǔ)l They have been increasingly chagrined by Washington’s tendency to ignore the international consensus on issues ranging from the use of land mines to the Kyoto climate change treaty.從地雷禁用條款到京都防止氣候變暖條約等一系列問(wèn)題，美國(guó)政府總是對(duì)國(guó)際輿論置若罔聞，使得這些（倒戈）國(guó)家越來(lái)越失望/懊惱。4) 謂語(yǔ)最小化原則l 今年的亞太經(jīng)濟(jì)貿(mào)易合作組織會(huì)議將主要側(cè)重兩個(gè)方面：一是加強(qiáng)亞太經(jīng)合組織成員之間的合作，共同應(yīng)對(duì)可能出現(xiàn)的經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退，重樹信心；二是繼續(xù)推進(jìn)亞太經(jīng)合組織貿(mào)易投資自由化進(jìn)程，推動(dòng)世界貿(mào)易組織盡早開始新一輪談判。The APEC meeting in this year will focus mainly on two aspects: one is on strengthening the cooperation among all APEC members to cope with the possible economic recession with rebuiltup confidence。 the other is on promoting the liberalization of trade and investment among all APEC members for the start of a new round of negotiations by WTO. 如何化解謂語(yǔ)：１、動(dòng)詞變?yōu)槊~　　　　　　　２、多使用介詞短語(yǔ):with。 through ３、多使用分詞短語(yǔ)　　　　　　?。础⒍嗍褂胻o do 　　　　　　?。?、最后一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)：使用“，which 引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語(yǔ)從句”l 顯然，許多美國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)支持國(guó)家沒(méi)有投票支持美國(guó)，以此對(duì)美國(guó)奉行單邊主義表示不滿。Many traditional . supporters clearly withdrew their votes to signal displeasure over . unilateralism.5) 動(dòng)賓換序原則：處理較長(zhǎng)賓語(yǔ)的方法：１、謂語(yǔ)變成能夠直接接賓語(yǔ)的表達(dá)形式l The rest of the world will have to react to this millennial economic shift to Asia, and to the rising power of China.在新千年，經(jīng)濟(jì)重心將向亞洲轉(zhuǎn)移，中國(guó)將迅速崛起，世界其他地區(qū)將不得不對(duì)此做出反應(yīng)。２、先譯賓語(yǔ)，再譯主謂l The project budget sustains both the existence of graduate students and the fiscal solvency of the university.研究生是否存在，大學(xué)是否存在資金償還能力，這些都取決于項(xiàng)目預(yù)算。6) 句群邏輯關(guān)系原則六種重要的邏輯關(guān)系：１、表原因關(guān)系，聯(lián)結(jié)詞：因?yàn)?、所以、因此、由于２、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：雖然、但是、然而，不過(guò)３、條件關(guān)系：如果、假如、只要……就，一旦４、讓步關(guān)系：盡管、就算……也、即使……也５、時(shí)間先后關(guān)系：……之后，接著……６、結(jié)果關(guān)系：從而、導(dǎo)致l 經(jīng)過(guò)二十多年的快速發(fā)展，中國(guó)西部地區(qū)已奠定了一定的物質(zhì)技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)，社會(huì)保持穩(wěn)定，市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制正在逐步建立和完善，為西部經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)快速增長(zhǎng)創(chuàng)造了有利的市場(chǎng)環(huán)境。Thanks to the rapid development in the past 20plus years, a relatively solid foundation in terms of material wealth and technology has been laid in the western region of China. The rapid development in the past 20plus years witnesses a relatively solid foundation in terms of ma