【正文】 ation online about educational issues.Exercise B:1. The plan to establish PTA group was proposed in 1895 by Alice Birney. Two years later, she met Phoebe Hearst who provided the money to start the organization. Later, fathers, educators and other interested citizens joined the group.2. Members of PTA’s should give their time to serve on mittees. They plan school projects and special activities. Members also serve as activists for children’s issues before government agencies and other organizations.3. PTA groups exist in the 50 American states and the District of Columbia. The PTA also operates in Department of Defense schools in the Pacific and Europe. These are schools for children of American military families.4. The Nation PTA publishes a free newsletter called “This Week in Washington” on its website. It tells about developments that affect education.5. There are critics of the National PTA. An education researcher Charlene Haar says the positions of the group mainly serve the interests of teachers unions.Exercise C:Your opinionDirections: Listen to the passage again and give your opinion on the following topics.“PTA’s work is to help schools and students in their munities.”1. Is it necessary for schools in China to have PTA?2. What roles can PTA play at schools in China?3. If your parent is selected as the member of PTA. will you support him/her?Passage 2 Your Legal Rights at the Sales Just who is doing the favour for whom in the sales? Are the shops really giving us shoppers a chance to buy bargains? Or are we just helping them to clear their shelves twice a year to make way for new lines* buying up* the rubbish they would otherwise throw away?In most sales there is a bit of both. Some bargains are more genuine than others. Some price claims are true, while others are misleading or plain false. If the sale notice says “Coats reduced from 163。30 to 163。10” it should, by law, be true. The rules are that, unless a shop says otherwise, the coats must have been on sale at the higher price for at least 28 consecutive days in the previous six months. They can, however, get around it by saying “Last week 163。30. Now 163。10.”Be a bit suspicious about a ticket which just says “Sale price 163。5.” It may mean the goods are specially bought in for the sale and does not necessarily indicate any reduction. And there is nothing to prevent the shopkeeper boasting: “Worth 163。50, only 163。20” or even “Normally 163。300, only 163。150.”Another practice which is frowned upon, though not illegal, is an imprecise offer, like “Up to 163。l0 off latest models.” It gives no clear idea of how much you have to spend or exactly what you have to buy to benefit.If you see a price claim you do not believe or feel to be misleading, you can plain to the local Trading Standards Office the town hall will put you in touch. If you see a notice saying “No refunds on sales goods,” ignore it, but don’t forget it. It is illegal for shops to say this and you should report it to the Trading Standards Officer. He can order the signs to be removed. Sale or no sale, nothing can remove your right to your money back if the goods are faulty. If on the other hand, you just change your mind about something you buy in the sale the shop does not have to give you anything back. Goods labelled “seconds” have their own peculiar problems. You cannot expect something described as “seconds” to be perfect in every way, but the shop has no right to sell you anything that is not fit for the purpose for which it was made. A “slightly imperfect” kettle should still boil water and you can demand your money back if it doesn’t. So take your spectacles with you and never be afraid to ask what is substandard about the thing you are about to buy.Exercise A:You have the right to know the true price. You have the right to know the quality of goods. Sale or no sale, nothing can remove your right to your money back if the goods are faulty.Exercise B:1. D 2. D 3. C 4. A 5. A 6. D 7. C 8. BExercise C:1. In most sales, some bargains are more genuine than others and some price claims are true, while others are misleading or plain false.2. Because they want to make way for new lines.3. The shopkeeper’s boasting, like “Worth 163。50, only 163。20” or even “Normally 163。300, only 163。150”。 and an imprecise offer, like “Up to 163。10 off latest models.”4. The shop has no right to sell you anything that is not fit for the purpose for which it was made.5. When you just change your mind about the things you buy in the sale.