【正文】 體的體積流量： 利用液體的重力進行回流，取適宜的回流速度那么：經圓整后選取熱軋無縫鋼管，規(guī)格為：[15]實際流速：表47設備匯總項目尺寸塔高 進料管 釜液管上升蒸汽管 回流液管5結論（1）針對于當代甲醇精餾工藝，在保證純度要求的基礎上，三塔精餾以其節(jié)能明顯優(yōu)益于其他工藝，所以，本設計采用了這個工藝。（2）對于塔設備的選擇，通過對各種塔的比較，得出F1重型浮閥塔最適合本設計。因為其優(yōu)點明顯：第一，生產能力大；第二，操作彈性大；第三，塔板的效率高；第四，氣體的壓強降及液面落差比較??；第五，塔的造價低。（3）對精餾的常壓塔階段進行工藝設計，并對該塔的車間進行了簡單的設計。謝辭通過這近三個月來對資料的查閱、材料的整理、論文的撰寫、大圖的繪制，最終完成了論文。在此，特意要感謝李云凱老師對我的悉心指導。李老師以其兢兢業(yè)業(yè)的工作作風，對學生認真負責、嚴謹求實的指導理念，待人隨和、樸實無華的溝通心得深深影響了我。通過李老師的指導，我對工藝的選擇有了正確的認識，并對設備有了深刻的認識，對于完成論文起到了至關重要的作用。最后，李老師對我的論文逐字進行批閱審核，指出很多錯誤，并提出不少建設性的意見。他治學嚴謹?shù)膽B(tài)度必將成為以后我學習和工作中榜樣。數(shù)十個個學生的論文需要李老師指導，可見他的任務量很大，但李老師仍然不辭辛苦、盡自己最大的努力指導、幫助我們克服寫論文中遇到的難題，他的精神將一直激勵著我們。論文的完成同樣也離不開同學的幫助和關心。以及大學期間傳授我知識和做人道理的教授與講師們，是他們曾經的悉心指導，我才能掌握良好的專業(yè)知識來完成論文?？偠灾乙倚母兄x所有對我論文有過幫助、指導的老師和同學們！參考文獻[1] 劉光啟，馬連湘，劉杰．化學化工物性數(shù)據(jù)手冊（有機卷）[M]．化學工業(yè)出版社．2002．5： 559～613[2] 夏清，陳常貴．化工原理（上冊）[M]．修訂版．天津大學出版社．2009．1[3] Robert H．Williams Eric D． with permission from Energy for Sustainable Development[J]．2003．12：103～105[4] 魏文德．有機化工原料大全（第二版）上卷[M]．化學工業(yè)出版社．1991．1：806[5] Dimmling W．Seipenbusch R．Hydrocarbon Processing．1975，45(9)：169[6] Othmer D F． Methanolaversatile Synfuel．1983[7] 陳平．現(xiàn)代化工[J]．1996，16(12)：36[8] 謝克昌，房鼎業(yè)．甲醇工藝學[M]．化學工業(yè)出版社．2010．5[9] 丁振亭．吉化科技[J]．1995，3(1)：1～3[10] 中國化工信息[J]．1997，(13)：6～10[11] 煤化工[J]．2010，第一期[12] 夏清，陳常貴．化工原理（下冊）[M]．．2009．1[13] 劉光啟，馬連湘，劉杰．化學化工物性數(shù)據(jù)手冊（無機卷）[M]．化學工業(yè)出版社．2002．4： 3～44[14] 賈紹義，柴誠敬．化工原理課程設計[M]．天津大學出版社．2009．1：119～121[15] 刁玉瑋，王立業(yè)，俞健良．化工設備機械基礎[M]．大連理工大學出版社．2009．1：309～310附錄(1) 三塔精餾工藝流程圖、(2) 常壓塔結構圖(3) 常壓塔車間豎面圖(4) 常壓塔車間平面圖外文資料A parison of direct and indirectiquefaction technologies for making fluid fuels from coallRobert H. Williams and Eric D. LarsonPrinceton Environmental Institute, Princeton UniversityGuyot Hall, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ 085441003, USAEmail (Williams): rwilliam@1. Introduction China, with its rapidly growing demand for transportation fuels, scant domestic oil and natural gas resources but abundant coal, is likely to turn to coal as a basis for pro viding synthetic fluid fuels for transportation, cooking, and other applications that are not easily served by elec tricity. Two very different approaches to providing fluid fuels from coal are described and pared in this paper: direct coal liquefaction (DCL) and indirect coal liquefaction (ICL). For both approaches a major challenge is to in crease the hydrogencarbon ratio. For finished hydrocar bon fuels such as gasoline and diesel, H/C ～ 2 (molar basis). For petroleum crude oil, the ratio ranges from to . For typical bituminous coals, H/C ～ . 2. Methanol MeOH is a wellestablished chemical modity used throughout the world. It can potentially also be used in directly or directly (see Box 1) as a fuel. The MeOH produced can be further processed to make gasoline by the Mobil process (a mercial technology that can provide gasoline at attractive costs from lowcost stranded natural gas [Tabak, 2003]) or DME by MeOH dehydration (see below), or the MeOH can be useddirectly as fuel. This last option is the focus of the present study (see also panion paper in this issue by Larson and Ren [2003]). In most parts of the world MeOH is made by steam reforming of natural gas, but in gaspoor regions such as China it is made mainly from coalderived syngas via gasification. Under the US Department of Energy39。s Clean Coal Tech nology Program, Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., has brought to mercial readiness slurryphase reactor technology for MeOH production [Heydorn et al., 2003]. Following successful proofofconcept in 7,400 hours of test operation at a scale of 12,000 l/day at the DOEowned process development unit at LaPorte, Texas, the technol ogy has been demonstrated successfully at nearmer cial scale (300,000 l/day rated capacity) at the Eastman Chemical Company39。s coal gasification facility in King sport, Tennessee。 during the 69month demonstration pro gram since startup in April 1997 the plant availability averaged %. Box 1. MeOH as a synthetic fuel for transportation Because of its high octane rating[28] , MeOH is well suited for use in SIE vehicles (see discussion in main text)[29] . It can be used in such vehicles with rela tively modest modifications of the basic vehicle. Used in SIE vehicles, MeOH offers airquality bene fits that are thought to be parable to those of fered by reformulated gasoline [Calvert et al., 1993]. The ozone formation potential from formaldehyde emissions of MeOH is thought to be less than the ozone formation potential of unburned hydrocarbon emissions。 NO x emissions from MeOH engines op erated at the same pression ratio as for gasoline would be less than for gasoline, because of the lower flame temperature, but when the pression ratio is increased to take advantage of MeOH39。s higher oc tane rating, thereby improving engine efficiency, this advantage may be lost [Wyman et al., 1993]. And just as some of the unburned hydrocarbon emissions for gasoline are carcinogenic, the US Environmental Protection Agency has classified formaldehyde as a probable human carcinogen, on the basis of evidence in humans and in rats, mice, hamsters, and monkeys [EPA, 1987]. The major drawbacks of MeOH as a transport fuel are its low volumetric energy density (half that of gasoline see Table 4), its affinity for water, its cor rosiveness, and its toxicity a fatal dose is 27 % MeOH in 1 litre (l) of water, which would defy de tection by taste. Drawing upon HEI [1987] and Mal Pirnie [1999], the following provides a perspective on the MeOH toxicity issue: MeOH is classified as a poison (it is rated as s