【正文】 g of optimization(social) preference (社會(huì))偏好排序ordinal utility 序數(shù)效用ordinary goods 一般品output 產(chǎn)量、產(chǎn)出output elasticity 產(chǎn)出彈性output maximization 產(chǎn)出極大化Pparameter 參數(shù)Pareto criterion 帕累托標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Pareto efficiency 帕累托效率Pareto improvement 帕累托改進(jìn)Pareto optimality 帕累托優(yōu)化Pareto set 帕累托集partial derivative 偏導(dǎo)數(shù)partial equilibrium 局部均衡patent 專利pay off matrix 收益矩陣、支付矩陣perceived demand curve 感覺(jué)到的需求曲線perfect petition 完全競(jìng)爭(zhēng)perfect plement 完全互補(bǔ)品perfect monopoly 完全壟斷perfect price discrimination 完全價(jià)格歧視perfect substitution 完全替代品perfect inelasticity 完全無(wú)彈性perfectly elastic 完全有彈性perfectly inelastic 完全無(wú)彈性plant size 工廠規(guī)模point elasticity 點(diǎn)彈性positive economics 實(shí)證經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)post Hoc Fallacy 后此謬誤prediction 預(yù)測(cè)preference 偏好preference relation 偏好關(guān)系present value 現(xiàn)值price 價(jià)格price adjustment model 價(jià)格調(diào)整模型price ceiling 最高限價(jià)price consumption curve 價(jià)格費(fèi)曲線price control 價(jià)格管制price difference 價(jià)格差別price discrimination 價(jià)格歧視price elasticity of demand 需求價(jià)格彈性price elasticity of supply 供給價(jià)格彈性price floor 最低限價(jià)price maker 價(jià)格制定者price rigidity 價(jià)格剛性price seeker 價(jià)格搜求者price taker 價(jià)格接受者price tax 從價(jià)稅private benefit 私人收益principal—agent issues 委托代理問(wèn)題private cost 私人成本 private goods 私人用品 private property 私人財(cái)產(chǎn) producer equilibrium 生產(chǎn)者均衡producer theory 生產(chǎn)者理論 product 產(chǎn)品 product transformation curve 產(chǎn)品轉(zhuǎn)換曲線 product differentiation 產(chǎn)品差異product group 產(chǎn)品集團(tuán)production 生產(chǎn)production contract curve 生產(chǎn)契約曲線production efficiency 生產(chǎn)效率production function 生產(chǎn)函數(shù)production possibility curve 生產(chǎn)可能性曲線productivity 生產(chǎn)率productivity of capital 資本生產(chǎn)率productivity of labor 勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)率profit 利潤(rùn)profit function 利潤(rùn)函數(shù)profit maximization 利潤(rùn)極大化property rights 產(chǎn)權(quán)property rights economics 產(chǎn)權(quán)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)proposition 定理proportional demand curve 成比例的需求曲線public benefits 公共收益public choice 公共選擇public goods 公共商品pure petition 純粹競(jìng)爭(zhēng) rivalry 對(duì)抗性、競(jìng)爭(zhēng)pure exchange 純交換pure monopoly 純粹壟斷Q quantity—adjustment model 數(shù)量調(diào)整模型quantity tax 從量稅quasi—rent 準(zhǔn)租金Rrate of product transformation 產(chǎn)品轉(zhuǎn)換率rationality 理性reaction function 反應(yīng)函數(shù)regulation 調(diào)節(jié)，調(diào)控relative price 相對(duì)價(jià)格rent 租金rent control 規(guī)模報(bào)酬rent seeking 尋租rent seeking economics 尋租經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)resource 資源resource allocation 資源配置returns 報(bào)酬、回報(bào)returns to scale 規(guī)模報(bào)酬revealed preference 顯示性偏好revenue 收益revenue curve 收益曲線revenue function 收益函數(shù)revenue maximization 收益極大化ridge line 脊線risk 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)Ssatiation 飽和，滿足 saving 儲(chǔ)蓄 scarcity 稀缺性 law of scarcity 稀缺法則 second—degree price discrimination 二級(jí)價(jià)格歧視 second derivative 階導(dǎo)數(shù) second—order condition 二階條件service 勞務(wù) set 集 shadow prices 影子價(jià)格 short—run 短期 short—run cost curve 短期成本曲線 short—run equilibrium 短期均衡 short—run supply curve 短期供給曲線 shut down decision 關(guān)閉決策 shortage 短缺 shut down point 關(guān)閉點(diǎn) single price monopoly 單一定價(jià)壟斷slope 斜率 social benefit 社會(huì)收益social cost 社會(huì)成本 social indifference curve 社會(huì)無(wú)差異曲線 social preference 社會(huì)偏好social security 社會(huì)保障 social welfare function 社會(huì)福利函數(shù) socialism 社會(huì)主義solution 解space 空間stability 穩(wěn)定性stable equilibrium 穩(wěn)定的均衡Stackelberg model 斯塔克爾貝格模型static analysis 靜態(tài)分析stock 存量stock market 股票市場(chǎng)strategy 策略subsidy 津貼substitutes 替代品substitution effect 替代效應(yīng)substitution parameter 替代參數(shù)sufficient condition 充分條件supply 供給supply curve 供給曲線supply function 供給函數(shù)supply schedule 供給表Sweezy model 斯威齊模型symmetry 對(duì)稱性symmetry of information 信息對(duì)稱T tangency 相切taste 興致technical efficiency 技術(shù)效率technological constraints 技術(shù)約束technological progress 技術(shù)進(jìn)步technology 技術(shù)third—degree price discrimination 第三級(jí)價(jià)格歧視total cost 總成本total effect 總效應(yīng)total expenditure 總支出total fixed cost 總固定成本total product 總產(chǎn)量total revenue 總收益total utility 總效用total variable cost 總可變成本traditional economy 傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟(jì)transitivity 傳遞性transaction cost 交易費(fèi)用Uuncertainty 不確定性u(píng)niqueness 唯一性u(píng)nit elasticity 單位彈性u(píng)nstable equilibrium 不穩(wěn)定均衡utility 效用utility function 效用函數(shù)utility index 效用指數(shù)utility maximization 效用極大化utility possibility curve 效用可能性曲線utility possibility frontier 效用可能性前沿Vvalue 價(jià)值value judge 價(jià)值判斷value of marginal product 邊際產(chǎn)量?jī)r(jià)值variable cost 可變成本variable input 可變投入variables 變量vector 向量 visible hand 看得見的手vulgur economics 庸俗經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)Wwage 工資wage rate 工資率Walras general equilibrium 瓦爾拉斯總體均衡Walras39。s law 瓦爾拉斯法則Wants 需要Welfare criterion 福利標(biāo)準(zhǔn)Welfare economics 福利經(jīng)學(xué)Welfare loss triangle 福利損失三角形welfare maximization 福利極大化Zzero cost 零成本zero elasticity 零彈性zero homogeneity 零階齊次性zero economic profit 零利潤(rùn)