【正文】 ， 已 成 為 當(dāng) 今 分 離 科 學(xué) 中 最 重 要 的 手 段 之 一 。 工作原理 [14]膜分離的基本原理就是利用各氣體組分在高分子聚合物中的溶解、擴(kuò)散速度不同，在膜兩側(cè)分壓差的作用下，導(dǎo)致其滲透通過(guò)纖維膜壁的速度不同而分離。推動(dòng)力(膜兩側(cè)相應(yīng)組分的分壓差)、膜面積及膜的分離選擇性，構(gòu)成了膜分離的三要素。不同的氣體在有機(jī)蒸氣膜中透過(guò)速率會(huì)有所不同，利用有機(jī)蒸氣膜的這一性能，就可以實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)混合氣體中不同組分的分離。常見(jiàn)氣體在有機(jī)膜中透過(guò)速率由大到小順序如下 ：C 6Il4C5Hl2C4Hl0C3H8C2H6C2H4CH4N2COO2CO2H2He。有機(jī)蒸氣膜采用膜領(lǐng)域比較通用的卷式膜。原料氣進(jìn)入膜組件后，在薄膜層之間流動(dòng)。原料側(cè)和滲透?jìng)?cè)之間的隔網(wǎng)為氣體流動(dòng)創(chuàng)造了通道。滲透速率大的有機(jī)蒸氣透過(guò)有機(jī)蒸氣膜后，進(jìn)入膜組件中間的滲透?jìng)?cè)收集管；滲透速度小的小分子氣體被阻擋在膜的外面成了滲余相，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)了有機(jī)蒸氣與小分子氣體的分離。 聚乙烯尾氣組成畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)36表 81 尾氣成分尾氣的組成 kg/h wt/%氮?dú)?550 己烷 420 乙烷 乙烯 丁烷 HCl 水 51 總流量 kg/h 1022 —壓力 Pa 正常 最大 溫度 ℃ 正常 102 最大 120聚乙烯的回收效果正己烷為 %。畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)37總 結(jié) 本文設(shè)計(jì)了一個(gè)年產(chǎn) 3 萬(wàn)噸聚乙烯的化工廠，通過(guò)前期翻閱大量的資料以及在指導(dǎo)教師的幫助下，確定了生產(chǎn)工藝。之后，完成了主要設(shè)備的的設(shè)計(jì)、物料及能量衡算，在此基礎(chǔ)上完成了包括：工廠布置、設(shè)備布置、主要設(shè)備圖、工藝過(guò)程圖、及乙烯精制系統(tǒng)圖五張圖紙。當(dāng)然，由于所學(xué)知識(shí)的限制，以及人生閱歷的不足，考慮問(wèn)題時(shí)不是很全面，在設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)有些理想化，可能存在著一定的缺陷，望各位指導(dǎo)教師予以批評(píng)指正。畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)38參考文獻(xiàn)[1] 楊忠華，張洪濤．國(guó)內(nèi)外聚乙烯生產(chǎn)工藝研究新進(jìn)展 [J]．煉油與化工，2022，20(1)：1215[2] 鄧世強(qiáng)，房廣信，何小龍．HDPE 工藝技術(shù)進(jìn)展 [J]．合成樹(shù)脂及塑料，2022，19(5)：4853[3] 張勇，郭子芳，周俊領(lǐng)．乙烯淤漿聚合 BCE 催化劑的工業(yè)應(yīng)用 [J]．石油化工，2022，37(3) ：281285[4] 陳偉，郭子方，周俊領(lǐng)等．一種用于乙烯聚合或共聚合的催化劑其制備方法．中國(guó)，CN 1552743．2022[5] 郭子方，張敬梅，陳偉，周俊領(lǐng)，楊紅旭．新型高效淤漿工藝聚乙烯催化劑的制備及其催化性能 [J]．石油化工， 2022， 34(9)：840843[6] 楊紅旭，郭子方，周俊領(lǐng)．高性能淤漿法聚乙烯催化劑的研究 [J]．石油化工，2022，36(11)：11191122[7] 李恩明，徐寶成．BCH 催化劑在淤漿法 HDPE 裝置上的應(yīng)用 [J]．合成樹(shù)脂及塑料，1996，13(3)：2023[8] 肖維泰，范吉權(quán)．淤漿法 HDPE 裝置間歇聚合條件及程序的優(yōu)化 [J]．合成樹(shù)脂及塑料，1995，12(1)：2730[9] 童本進(jìn)，陳明華，丁素琴．揚(yáng)子石化公司淤漿法 HDPE 生產(chǎn)技術(shù)的改進(jìn)及國(guó)產(chǎn)化 [J]．合成樹(shù)脂及塑料，1997，14(1)：2931[10] Gupta R K．Fundamentals of polymer engineering [M]．Se cond edition．New york：Marcel Dekker Inc，2022，233242[11] 裴永昕．淤漿法高密度聚乙烯工業(yè)生產(chǎn)過(guò)程模擬 [D]．[碩士學(xué)位論文]．北京：北京化工大學(xué)，2022[12] 趙建國(guó)，王子鎬，裴永昕，魏壽彭．淤漿法高密度聚乙烯鏈長(zhǎng)分布矩的計(jì)算方法[J] ．北京化工大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)，2022，32(2)：3437[13] 中國(guó)石化上海有限公司．化工工藝設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè) [M]．北京：化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社， 2022．[14] 楊素珍，王革．高密度聚乙烯裝置粉料處理尾氣的回收利用 [J]．河北化工，2022，32(2)：4144畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)39致 謝時(shí)光匆匆，如白駒過(guò)隙。在本設(shè)計(jì)完成之際，大學(xué)四年的生活也即將結(jié)束，遙想入學(xué)時(shí)的懵懂不知，至今仿佛仍恍如昨日，不免感嘆時(shí)光易逝，韶華難追。面對(duì)完成的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)，我滿懷欣喜，回想求學(xué)之路，充實(shí)快樂(lè)而艱辛，在大學(xué)生涯即將結(jié)束之際，僅對(duì)多年來(lái)給予我關(guān)心和支持的良師益友致以最誠(chéng)摯的謝意。感謝王永強(qiáng)、刁建志與彭政三位老師，在他們悉心指導(dǎo)下完成了本次畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)，在設(shè)計(jì)的準(zhǔn)備、進(jìn)行及設(shè)計(jì)的寫作過(guò)程中，三位老師都付出了大量的時(shí)間和精力，三位老師嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)闹螌W(xué)態(tài)度、淵博的學(xué)科知識(shí)、高度的責(zé)任心，使我受益匪淺，讓我不僅學(xué)到了許多知識(shí)，更學(xué)到了許多做人做事的道理。在此我要向一直以來(lái)辛苦工作的三位老師表示我最衷心的感謝和最崇高的敬意! 衷心祝愿三位老師，身體健康，工作順利，生活幸福，一生平安！畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)40附 錄附錄一：外文翻譯附錄二：各張圖紙附圖 1：附圖 2：工藝流程圖附圖 3：乙烯精制系統(tǒng)圖附圖 4：設(shè)備布置圖附圖 5：工廠布置圖畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)41附錄一：畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)42The cocatalyst modifiers that may be optionally employed by the present invention are hydrocarbyl alkoxysilanes. It is again emphasized that when an alcohol is employed in preparing the polymerization catalyst the cocatalyst modifier is not optional. Rather it is required in that embodiment of the present invention. Preferred hydrocarbyl alkoxysilanes include: hydrocarbyl trialkoxysilanes, dihydrocarbyl dialkoxysilanes and trihydrocarbyl alkoxysilanes. Of the hydrocarbyl trialkoxysilanes,diisopropyldimethoxysilane (DIPS) is highly preferred.When a cocatalyst modifier is employed, the molar ratio of said cocatalyst modifier to transition metal in said solid catalyst is from about to about 100. More preferably, the molar ratio of cocatalyst modifier to transition metal in said solid catalyst employed is from about to about 10.The polymerization process can be conducted in either the gas phase (stirred or fluidized bed) or solution phase. When gas phase polymerization is employed, a single or multiple reactor connected in parallel or series may be employed. The conditions of gas phase polymerization employed in the present invention include any that have heretofore been utilized. Examples of suitable conditions for operating in the gas phase that can be employed herein are disclosed, for example, in . Pat. No. 5,258,345 to Kissin, et al., the contents of which are being incorporated herein by reference.When solution polymerization is employed, the polymerization is carried out in a liquid anic medium in which the solid ethylene polymerization catalyst is suspended using any slurry polymerization conditions heretofore utilized. A pressure sufficient to maintain the anic diluent and at least a portion of the onomer in the liquid phase is maintained. Examples of typical operating conditions for slurry polymerization that can be employed herein are described in EPO 848 021 A2, the contents of which are being incorporated herein by reference.The above ethylene polymerization catalyst and polymerization process provide the ethylene copolymer resin having the abovedescribed unique melt elastic properties. Hence, the ethylene copolymer resin has all of the properties mentioned hereinabove which include having a density of cc/g or lower and having a work structure. Moreover, the ethylene copolymer resin exhibits the unique melt elastic properties mentioned hereinabove. Such melt elastic properties distinguish the inventive copolymer resin from any mercially known copolymer 畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)43since the same do not exhibit the abovementioned melt elastic properties.Another aspect of the present invention relates to a highimpact strength film that can be produced from the ethylene copolymer resin of the present invention. Specifically, the highimpact strength film is formed from the pellet of the ethylene copolymer resin of the present invention, and it exhibits improvement in film properties and/or processability. Specifically, the film of the present invention exhibits a dart impact strength of greater than about 300 g/mil and a MD tear of greater than about 300 g/mil. In one embodiment of the present invention, the film has a dart impact strength greater than about 350 g/mil and a modulus of elasticity of from about 20 to about 35 Ksi.The film is formed in the present invention using a single layer blown film extrusion line which operates under the following conditions:1 mil, Blowupratio, 150 lb/hr, 8 inch die, 100 mil die gap, dual lip air ring, 16 inch frostline height